如何修复Python中的“TypeError”？

Question

我对Python完全陌生，几天前才开始学习，我试图编写一个简单的RPG代码，但最近遇到了一个小问题，它不断返回我TypeError:generate_damage（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：“self”。有人知道发生了什么事吗

Main.py

from Classes.game import player, bcolors

magic = [{"name": "Tackle", "cost": 1, "dmg": 4},
         {"name": "Ember", "cost": 3, "dmg": 6},
         {"name": "Leech", "cost": 4, "hp": +5, "dmg": 4},
         {"name": "Explosion", "cost": 5, "hp": -10, "dmg": 30}]

player(100, 20, 5, 10,magic)

print(player.generate_damage())

Game.py

import random 

class bcolors:
    HEADER = '\033[95m'
    OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
    OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
    WARNING = '\033[93m'
    FAIL = '\033[91m'
    ENDC = '\033[0m'
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'

class player:
    def __init__(self, hp, mp, atk, df, mag):
        self.maxhp = hp
        self.hp = hp
        self.maxmp = mp
        self.mp = mp
        self.atkw = atk - 10
        self.atks = atk + 10
        self.df = df
        self.mag = mag
        self.actions = ["Attack", "Magic"]

    def generate_damage(self):
        return random.randrange(self.atkw, self.atks)

我在以下方面有问题：

print(player.generate_damage())

由于它不断返回TypeError:generate_damage（）缺少1个必需的位置参数：“self”

Answer 1

如果使用类名调用实例方法，则需要创建该播放器类的实例，然后调用实例方法。 main.py的正确代码是：

from game import player, bcolors

magic = [{"name": "Tackle", "cost": 1, "dmg": 4},
         {"name": "Ember", "cost": 3, "dmg": 6},
         {"name": "Leech", "cost": 4, "hp": +5, "dmg": 4},
         {"name": "Explosion", "cost": 5, "hp": -10, "dmg": 30}]

p = player(100, 20, 5, 10,magic)

print(p.generate_damage())

Answer 2

您需要首先创建player的实例

class Player:   # Note how I have changed the class to have an upper case P
    def __init__(self, hp, mp, atk, df, mag):
        self.maxhp = hp
        self.hp = hp
        self.maxmp = mp
        self.mp = mp
        self.atkw = atk - 10
        self.atks = atk + 10
        self.df = df
        self.mag = mag
        self.actions = ["Attack", "Magic"]

    def generate_damage(self):
        return random.randrange(self.atkw, self.atks)

player = Player(100, 20, 5, 10,magic)
print(player.generate_damage())

Answer 3

因为generate_damage是类Player的方法，所以只能在播放器实例上运行它。 试试这个：

p = Player(100, 20, 5, 10, magic) # init object p of class player

print(p.generate_damage())