函数未编辑全局变量

Question

我在代码中放置了global user以查看它是否在某个地方丢失了，但似乎没有。基本上，当我在这里看到的这段代码中分配了全局变量user之后调用userInstance.getName()：

if(userName in nameList):
    for userdata in pklList:
        if userdata.getName() == userName:
            global user
            user = userdata
            print("user data found for user: " + user.getName())

它看起来并没有真正进入全局变量。以下是目前代码的完整版本：

import praw
import time
import re
import pickle
from classes import User



USERAGENT = 'web:CredibilityBot:v0.1 (by /u/ThePeskyWabbit)'
FOOTER = "^^I ^^am ^^a ^^bot! ^^I ^^am ^^currently ^^in ^^test ^^phase. ^^Read ^^about ^^me ^^[here](https://pastebin.com/jb4kBTcS)."
PATH = "C:\\Users\\JoshLaptop\\PycharmProjects\\practice\\commented.txt"
user = User.User("ERROR")

commentFile = open(PATH, 'rb')
commentList = commentFile.read().splitlines()
commentFile.close()

pkl = open("userpkl.pkl", 'rb')
pklList = []
print(pklList)

try:
    pickle.load(pkl)
    while(True):
        pklList.append(pickle.load(pkl))
except EOFError:
    pass
pkl.close()

nameList = []
try:
    for data in pklList:
        nameList.append(str(data.getName()))
except:
    pass

print(pklList)
print(nameList)


def addPoint(comment):
    message = "current name for user: " + user.getName()
    #userInstance.addScore()
    #userInstance.addComment(comment)
    #message = "Bullshit noted! " + userInstance.getName() + " now has a Bullshit rating of " + userInstance.getScore() + "\n\n" + FOOTER
    return message

def getRating():
    message = user.getName() + " has a Bullshit rating of: " + user.getScore()
    return message

def getCommentList():
    bullshitComments = user.getComments()
    return bullshitComments



auth = True
def authenticate():
    print("Authenticating...")
    reddit = praw.Reddit('bot1', user_agent=USERAGENT)
    print("Authenticated as {}\n" .format(reddit.user.me()))
    return reddit

commentLink = None

actions = {"!bullshit": addPoint(commentLink), "!bullshitrating": getRating(user), "!bullshitdetail":getCommentList(user)}
stringList = ["!bullshit", "!bullshitrating", "!bullshitdetail"]

while(auth):
    try:
        reddit = authenticate()
        auth = False
    except:
        print("Authentication Failed, retying in 30 seconds.")
        time.sleep(30)


def runBot():
    SUBREDDITS = 'test'
    global user

    while(True):
        print("Scraping 1000 comments...")
        for comment in reddit.subreddit(SUBREDDITS).comments(limit=1000):

            for word in stringList:
                match = re.findall(word, comment.body.lower())

                if match:
                    id = comment.id
                    commentFile = open(PATH, 'r')
                    commentList = commentFile.read().splitlines()
                    commentFile.close()

                    if(id not in commentList):

                        print(match[0] + " found in comment: " + "www.reddit.com"  + str(comment.permalink()))
                        commentLink = "www.reddt.com" + str(comment.parent().permalink())
                        print("Bullshit comment is: " + commentLink)

                        print("searching for user data")
                        userName = str(comment.parent().author)
                        flag = True

                        if(userName in nameList):
                            for userdata in pklList:
                                if userdata.getName() == userName:
                                    user = userdata
                                    print("user data found for user: " + user.getName())


                        elif comment.parent().author is not None:
                            print("no user found, creating user " + userName)
                            user = User.User(userName)
                            f = open("userpkl.pkl", 'ab')
                            pickle.dump(user, f)
                            f.close()
                            nameList.append(userName)
                            print("added to user to pkl file")

                        else:
                            print("username could not be retrieved.")
                            print("adding ID to log\n")
                            commentFile = open(PATH, 'a')
                            commentFile.write(id + "\n")
                            commentFile.close()
                            flag = False

                        if(flag):
                            try:
                                print(actions[match[0]])
                                #print("sending reply...")
                                #comment.reply(actions[match[0]])
                                #print("Reply successful. Adding comment ID to log\n")
                                #commentFile = open(PATH, 'a')
                                #commentFile.write(id + "\n")
                                #commentFile.close()

                            except:
                                print("Comment reply failed!\n")




runBot()

奇怪的是，当我在指定的代码片段中调用user.getName()时，它会输出正确的名称，而不是像我在addPoint()函数中调用它时那样输出“error”

打印语句输出如下：

C:\Python36-32\python.exe C:/Users/JoshLaptop/PycharmProjects/practice/TestBot.py
[]
[<classes.User.User object at 0x03B59830>, <classes.User.User object at 0x03816430>]
['PyschoWolf', 'ThePeskyWabbit']
Authenticating...
Authenticated as CredibilityBot

Scraping 1000 comments...
!bullshit found in comment: link deleted for privacy
Bullshit comment is: link deleted for privacy
searching for user data
user data found for user: PyschoWolf
current name for user: ERROR
!bullshit found in comment: link deleted for privacy
Bullshit comment is: link deleted for privacy
searching for user data
user data found for user: ThePeskyWabbit
current name for user: ERROR

Answer 1

在python中，如果您的代码对一个变量进行赋值，那么除非显式声明，否则该变量被假定为局部变量。如果您显式地声明它们，则它们是全局的

然而，Globals是“每个模块”

通常不清楚的是，当您导入一个名称时，会发生这样的情况：导入的值的一个副本在当前模块中作为一个具有相同名称（或者如果同时使用as，则为另一个名称）的模块全局生成。例如：

from xxx import user
# xxx.user has been copied to a globl named user

user = "baz"  # < - this DOES NOT change xxx.user

xxx.user = "ohyeah"  # Now it changes xxx.user

请注意，Python中有一些关于这一点的“魔力”，函数会记住它们是在哪个模块中定义的。假设我有：

# module.py

user = "No user yet"

def setUser(newUser):
    global user
    user = newUser

def getUser():
    return user

# program.py
from module import user, setUser, getUser

print(user)      #  > "No user yet"
print(getUser()) #  > "No user yet"

setUser("Hey")

print(user)      #  > "No user yet" (1)
print(getUser()) #  > "Hey"

user = "Foo"
print(user)      #  > "Foo"
print(getUser()) #  > "Hey" (2)

（1）发生的原因是user只是程序的全局，而不是模块的全局。值是在导入时从模块复制到程序的，仅此而已

（2）原因相同。在模块中编译的代码将被视为该模块的全局变量，而不是程序。尽管调用是在程序中进行的，并且getUser变量（包含函数）在这里，但仍会发生这种情况。它的功能是“记住”它应该访问哪些全局变量

代码

from xxx import yyy

与相同

import xxx
yyy = xxx.yyy  # simple assignment to a global

相对于整个程序，Python没有真正的“globals”。像x = 3这样的语句总是修改局部变量、捕获的变量（nonlocal声明）或全局模块。“真正的全局”根本不存在（如果您真的需要它们，您可以做的是为全局创建一个特定的模块，并用myglobs.var而不是var引用它们）

附言：密码

def addPoint(userInstance, comment):
    global user
    userInstance = user
    message = "current name for user: " + userInstance.getName()

看起来很奇怪。参数userInstance被覆盖。也许你的意思是

user = userInstance

相反呢