java如何从关系中仅检索属性而不是实体？

Question

我在Netbeans中从事一个maven web应用程序项目，我有以下课程：

@Entity
@Table(name = "departments")
public class Department{
    @Id
    private Integer departmentId;
    @Column(name = "department_name")
    private String departmentName;
}

以及：

@Entity
@Table(name = "employees")
public class Employee {
    @Id
    private Integer employeetId;
    @Column(name = "employee_name")
    private String employeeName;
    @JoinColumn(name = "department_id", referencedColumnName = 
    "department_id")
    @ManyToOne(optional = false)
    private Departments department;
}

我的rest api返回以下内容：

{
    employeeId:1, 
    employeeName:"Jhon",
    department: { departmentId:1, departmentName:"IT"}
}

我期望的输出是：

 {
    employeeId:1, 
    employeeName:"Jhon",
    department: "IT"
 }

我尝试返回DTO，但得到的是空json：

@GET
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public List<EmployeeDto> findAllEmployees() {
    CriteriaQuery cq = entityManager.getCriteriaBuilder().createQuery(Employee.class);
    cq.select(cq.from(Employee.class));
    List<Employee> employees = entityManager.createQuery(cq).getResultList();
    List<EmployeeDto> employeesDto = new ArrayList<>();

    for (Employee employee : employees) {
        EmployeeDto employeeDto = new EmployeeDto();
        employeeDto.employeeId = employee.getEmployeedId();
        employeeDto.department = employee.getDepartment().getDepartmentName();

        employeesDto.add(employeeDto);
    }
    return   employeesDto;

DTO：

Class EmployeeDto{Integer employeeId; String employeeName; String department}

Answer 1

这是因为我得到了一个空的json：我的Dto类没有公共的getter和setter。 解决方案是将Dto字段公开或添加公共getter/setter

Class EmployeeDto{
    public Integer employeeId; 
    public String employeeName; 
    public String department;
}

Answer 2

使用namedquery

@Entity
@Table(name="employees")
@NamedQueries({
    @NamedQuery(
        name = "getDesiredUser",
        query = "SELECT e.employeeId, e.employeeName, d.departmentName FROM employees AS e INNER JOIN departments as d ON e.department_id = d.departmentId"),

})
public class Employee {
    @Id
..
}

您可以找到有关NamedQuery的更多信息：

https://www.petrikainulainen.net/programming/spring-framework/spring-data-jpa-tutorial-creating-database-queries-with-named-queries/