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java如何创建自定义哈希表迭代器?

我目前正在尝试实现一个哈希表集合--我已经准备好了所有的东西并在运行,但是当我试图为该表定义一个自定义迭代器时,我遇到了一个概念上的问题。我有一个名为“HashEntry”的内部类,它是数组中存储的实际对象——它们存储项的键、值和状态,即空、活动和已删除

private class HashEntry
{
    private TKey m_key;
    private TValue m_value;
    private EntryStatus status;

    //standard constructor
    public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value)
    {
        m_key = key;
        m_value = value;
        status = EntryStatus.ACTIVE;
    }

    public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value, EntryStatus i) {
        m_key = key;
        m_value = value;
        status = i;
    }

    //default 'empty' constructor
    public HashEntry()
    {
        //calls default constructor, creates placeholder entry
        m_key = null;
        m_value = null;
        status = EntryStatus.EMPTY;
    }

    //equals operator override, this override just compares compares
    // the objects held in the entry, so any object used with this
    // implementation must hae=ve its own equals override
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj)
    {
        if (obj == null) { return false; }
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { return false; }

        final HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj;
        return (!((this.m_key == null) ? (other.m_key != null) : !this.m_key.equals(other.m_key)));
    }

    // override of the hashCode() function--just calls the hashCode
    // function of the embedded object, so that must be provided
    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        return this.m_key.hashCode();
    }

    // toString override just returns the toString of the embedded object
    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(m_key.toString()).append(m_value.toString());
        return sb.toString();
    }
}

这是我问题的第一部分——如果我希望能够遍历表,我应该遍历(并因此返回)HashEntry对象,还是按照hashtable惯例遍历表中存储的实际值?HashEntry类是私有的,所以我假设返回它的实例是不好的做法

但是如果是这样的话,我如何创建一个哈希表迭代器来遍历它的HashEntrys对象呢?我必须在HashEntry类中定义迭代器/iterable吗


共 (1) 个答案

  1. # 1 楼答案

    一般来说,是的,如果您确实提供了一个在HashEntry上迭代的迭代器,那么用户在迭代时将同时获得键和值(以及状态),这可能会更好。通常,如果没有键,值就没有意义,反之亦然

    为什么不让HashEntry类成为public static泛型内部类,让实现特定的东西成为private?您可能还需要使HashEntry泛型,因为我假设您的父类(我们称之为MyHashTable)也是基于TKeyTValue的泛型

    所以,如果我是你,我会让你HashEntryMyHashTable看起来更像这样:

    // Note: implements Iterable<E> now
    public class MyHashTable<TKey, TValue> implements Iterable<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>>
    {
        public Iterator<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>> iterator() {
            // ...
            // Make and return your iterator here
            // ...
        }
    
        // Note: public and generic now
        public static class HashEntry<TKey, TValue>
        {
            private TKey m_key;
            private TValue m_value;
            private EntryStatus status;
    
            //standard constructor
            // Note: private now
            public HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value)
            {
                m_key = key;
                m_value = value;
                status = EntryStatus.ACTIVE;
            }
    
            // Note: private now
            private HashEntry(TKey key, TValue value, EntryStatus i) {
                m_key = key;
                m_value = value;
                status = i;
            }
    
            //default 'empty' constructor
            // Note: private now
            public HashEntry()
            {
                //calls default constructor, creates placeholder entry
                m_key = null;
                m_value = null;
                status = EntryStatus.EMPTY;
            }
    
            public TKey getKey() {
                return m_key;
            }
    
            public TValue getValue() {
                return m_value;
            }
    
            public EntryStatus getEntryStatus() {
                return status;
            }
    
            //equals operator override, this override just compares compares
            // the objects held in the entry, so any object used with this
            // implementation must hae=ve its own equals override
            @Override
            public boolean equals(Object obj)
            {
                if (obj == null) { return false; }
                if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) { return false; }
    
                final HashEntry other = (HashEntry) obj;
                return (!((this.m_key == null) ? (other.m_key != null) : !this.m_key.equals(other.m_key)));
            }
    
            // override of the hashCode() function just calls the hashCode
            // function of the embedded object, so that must be provided
            @Override
            public int hashCode()
            {
                return this.m_key.hashCode();
            }
    
            // toString override just returns the toString of the embedded object
            @Override
            public String toString()
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                sb.append(m_key.toString()).append(m_value.toString());
                return sb.toString();
            }
        }
    }
    

    注意HashEntry现在是MyHashTable的一个内部类,它是泛型的,它的构造函数现在是private。这保证了除了外部类MyHashTable之外没有人可以实例化HashEntry,因为在哈希表之外实例化一个是没有意义的(请参见this)。但是,其他人可以通过getter访问条目的键和值

    迭代器本身将是Iterator<MyHashTable.HashEntry<TKey, TValue>>的一个实例。至于编写一个,这取决于您自己的哈希表实现,但您基本上需要一种方法来获取任意序列中的下一个元素:^{}

    例如,下面是一个iterator()方法实现,它迭代一个简单数组:

    private Type[] arrayList;
    private int currentSize;
    
    @Override
    public Iterator<Type> iterator() {
        Iterator<Type> it = new Iterator<Type>() {
    
            private int currentIndex = 0;
    
            @Override
            public boolean hasNext() {
                return currentIndex < currentSize && arrayList[currentIndex] != null;
            }
    
            @Override
            public Type next() {
                return arrayList[currentIndex++];
            }
    
            @Override
            public void remove() {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
            }
        };
        return it;
    }
    

    (来源:https://stackoverflow.com/a/5849625/837703

    希望这有点帮助