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java用maven构建可执行jar?

我正在尝试使用maven为一个名为“logmanager”的小型家庭项目生成一个可执行jar,如下所示:

How can I create an executable JAR with dependencies using Maven?

我将这里显示的代码片段添加到pom中。xml,并运行mvn assembly:assembly。它在logmanager/target中生成两个jar文件:logmanager-0.1.0。jar和logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies。罐子我双击第一个jar时出错:

Could not find the main class: com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager. Program will exit.

当我双击带有依赖项的jar时,出现了一个稍微不同的错误。罐子:

Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute from: C:\EclipseProjects\logmanager\target\logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar

我复制并粘贴了路径和类名,并检查了POM中的拼写。我的主类可以通过eclipse启动配置正常启动。有人能帮我弄清楚为什么我的jar文件不能运行吗?还有,为什么一开始就有两个罐子?如果你需要更多信息,请告诉我

以下是完整的pom.xml,供参考:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.gorkwobble</groupId>
  <artifactId>logmanager</artifactId>
  <name>LogManager</name>
  <version>0.1.0</version>
  <description>Systematically renames specified log files on a scheduled basis. Designed to help manage MUSHClient logging and prevent long, continuous log files.</description>
  <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <!-- nothing here -->
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2-beta-4</version>
            <configuration>
              <descriptorRefs>
                <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
              </descriptorRefs>
              <archive>
                <manifest>
                  <mainClass>com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager</mainClass>
                </manifest>
              </archive>
            </configuration>
            <executions>
              <execution>
                <phase>package</phase>
                <goals>
                  <goal>single</goal>
                </goals>
              </execution>
            </executions>
          </plugin>
          <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.6</source>
              <target>1.6</target>
            </configuration>
          </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <dependencies>
    <!-- commons-lang -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency> 

    <!-- Quartz scheduler -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>opensymphony</groupId>
        <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
        <version>1.6.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Quartz 1.6.0 depends on commons collections -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
      <version>3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Quartz 1.6.0 depends on commons logging -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Quartz 1.6.0 requires JTA in non J2EE environments -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.transaction</groupId>
      <artifactId>jta</artifactId>
      <version>1.1</version>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- junitx test assertions -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit-addons</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-addons</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- junit dependency; FIXME: make this a separate POM -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.1</version>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

共 (4) 个答案

  1. # 1 楼答案

    事实上,我认为你提到的question中给出的答案是错误的(更新-20101106:有人修复了它,这个答案指的是version preceding the edit),这至少部分解释了为什么你会遇到麻烦


    It generates two jar files in logmanager/target: logmanager-0.1.0.jar, and logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar.

    第一个是由jar:jarpackage阶段生成的logmanager模块的JAR(因为该模块具有类型为jar的打包)。第二个是由assembly:assembly生成的程序集,应该包含来自当前模块及其依赖项的类(如果使用描述符jar-with-dependencies

    I get an error when I double-click on the first jar:

    Could not find the main class: com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager. Program will exit.
    

    如果您应用了作为引用发布的链接的建议配置,那么您将jar插件配置为生成一个可执行工件,如下所示:

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
              <mainClass>com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    

    因此logmanager-0.1.0.jar确实是可执行的,但不是1。这不是您想要的(因为它没有所有依赖项)和2。它不包含com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager(这就是错误所说的,检查jar的内容)

    A slightly different error when I double-click the jar-with-dependencies.jar:

    Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute from: C:\EclipseProjects\logmanager\target\logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar
    

    同样,如果按照建议配置了汇编插件,则会出现如下情况:

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
          </descriptorRefs>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    

    在这个设置中,logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar包含来自当前模块的类及其依赖项,但是根据错误,它的META-INF/MANIFEST.MF不包含Main-Class条目(它可能与logmanager-0.1.0.jar中的MANIFEST.MF不同)。jar实际上不是可执行的,这也不是您想要的


    因此,我的建议是从maven jar插件中删除configuration元素,并如下配置maven assembly插件:

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <!-- nothing here -->
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2-beta-4</version>
        <configuration>
          <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
          </descriptorRefs>
          <archive>
            <manifest>
              <mainClass>org.sample.App</mainClass>
            </manifest>
          </archive>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    

    当然,用您想要执行的类替换org.sample.App。没什么好处,我已经将assembly:single绑定到了package阶段,这样您就不必再运行assembly:assembly。只需运行mvn install,程序集将在标准构建期间生成

    所以,请更新您的pom。使用上面给出的配置创建xml并运行mvn clean install。然后,将cd放入target目录,然后重试:

    java -jar logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar
    

    如果您遇到错误,请用它更新您的问题,并发布META-INF/MANIFEST.MF文件的内容和pom.xml的相关部分(插件配置部分)。另外,请张贴以下结果:

    java -cp logmanager-0.1.0-jar-with-dependencies.jar com.gorkwobble.logmanager.LogManager
    

    演示它在命令行上工作良好(不管eclipse说什么)

    编辑:对于Java6,您需要配置maven编译器插件。将此添加到您的pom中。xml:

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.6</source>
          <target>1.6</target>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    
  2. # 2 楼答案

    右键单击项目,并给出maven build、maven clean、maven generate resource和maven install。jar文件将自动生成

  3. # 3 楼答案

    Pascal Thivent的回答也帮了我的忙。 但是如果在<pluginManagement>元素中管理插件,则必须在插件管理之外再次定义程序集,否则,如果运行mvn install,依赖项不会打包在jar中

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    
        <build>
            <pluginManagement>
                <plugins>
    
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>3.1</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <source>1.6</source>
                            <target>1.6</target>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
    
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>2.4</version>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <mainClass>main.App</mainClass>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                            <descriptorRefs>
                                <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                            </descriptorRefs>
                        </configuration>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>make-assembly</id>
                                <phase>package</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>single</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
    
                </plugins>
    
            </pluginManagement>
    
            <plugins> <!-- did NOT work without this  -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
    
        </build>
    
    
        <dependencies>
           <!--  dependencies commented out to shorten example -->
        </dependencies>
    
    </project>
    
  4. # 4 楼答案

    如果不希望在包上执行程序集目标,可以使用下一个命令:

    mvn package assembly:single
    

    这里是关键字