蛇游戏中的swing Smooth动画（java）？

Question

我已经用java制作了一个基本的蛇游戏，我需要一些帮助来获得更流畅的动画。蛇的每一部分都是一个20x20的正方形，所以我让蛇以每刻度20像素的速度移动。这使得蛇似乎在网格上移动，这意味着它将始终与只在“网格”上产卵的食物排成一行。现在我的问题是，当我试着将其移动3步时，它不再与“网格”对齐。我遇到的另一个更严重的问题是，蛇通过移动第一个方块来移动，然后将所有其他方块设置到数组中的下一个位置（请参见代码）。问题是，当它移动3步时，蛇会收缩，因此每个原点之间只有3步的间隙，而不是20步。有人能帮忙解决这些问题吗？如果需要，我可以添加整个源代码

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.Timer;

public class player1 extends Canvas implements Runnable {

private keyevents keyevent;
private element [] elements;
private element goal;
private int numSegments, score, endY, quitX, snakeSize, windowSize;
private Font scorefont;

private long cycleTime;
private final int FRAME_DELAY;
private BufferStrategy bf;
private boolean gameOver, isRunning;

public player1(Frame window) {
    setSize(new Dimension(window.getWidth(), window.getHeight()));
    FRAME_DELAY = 20;
    windowSize = 400;
    snakeSize = 20;
    score = 0;
    isRunning = false;
    numSegments = 5;
    scorefont =  new Font("Verdana", Font.BOLD, snakeSize);
    elements = new element [300];
    goal = new element(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize),randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize), snakeSize, Color.green);
    keyevent = new keyevents();
    keyevent.setP1Keys(2,true);

    for (int i=0, xPos = round(windowSize/2), yPos = round(windowSize/2); i<numSegments; i++, xPos+=snakeSize) {
        elements[i] = new element(xPos,yPos, snakeSize, Color.blue);
    }

    addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
        public void keyPressed(KeyEvent evt) {
            keyevent.moveIt(evt); 
            switch(evt.getKeyCode()){
            case KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE:
                isRunning = false;
                screen.newMenu();
            }
        }
    });
}

public void start(player1 ex){
    isRunning = true;
    Thread gameThread = new Thread(ex);
    gameThread.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
    gameThread.start(); 
}

public void run(){ 
    cycleTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    while(isRunning){
        logic();
        render();
        sync();
    }
}

public void render() {
    if (bf==null){
        bf = getBufferStrategy();
    }
    Graphics2D g2 = null;
    try{
        g2 = (Graphics2D) bf.getDrawGraphics(); 
        g2.setColor(Color.black);
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, windowSize, windowSize);
        for (int i=0;i<numSegments;i+=1) {
            elements[i].draw(g2);
        }
        g2.setColor(Color.green);
        goal.draw(g2);
        g2.setColor(Color.orange);
        g2.fill3DRect(0, 0, windowSize, snakeSize, true);
        g2.setColor(Color.red);
        g2.setFont(scorefont);
        g2.drawString("Score: "+score, 5, snakeSize-4);
        FontMetrics fm = g2.getFontMetrics();
        g2.setColor(Color.blue);
        fm = g2.getFontMetrics();
        g2.setColor(Color.black);
        quitX = (windowSize - fm.stringWidth("ESC = quit")-5);
        g2.drawString("ESC = quit",quitX,snakeSize-snakeSize/5);
    }finally{
        g2.dispose();
    }
    bf.show();
    Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
}

public void sync(){
    cycleTime = cycleTime + FRAME_DELAY;
    long difference = cycleTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
    try {
        Thread.sleep(Math.max(0, difference));
    }
    catch(InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

public void logic(){
    int x = elements[0].getX();
    int y = elements[0].getY();
    Rectangle elementrect = elements[0].getRect();  
    keyevent.setP1Pressed(false);

    //Movement
    for(int i = numSegments-1; i>0; i--){
        elements[i].setX(elements[i-1].getX());
        elements[i].setY(elements[i-1].getY());
    }   
    if(keyevent.getP1Keys(0)){
        elements[0].setY(y+20);
    }
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(1)){
        elements[0].setY(y-20);
    }
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(2)){
        elements[0].setX(x-20);
    }
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(3)){ 
        elements[0].setX(x+20);
    }
    if(elements[0].getX()>windowSize-snakeSize){
        elements[0].setX(0);
    }
    else if(elements[0].getX()<0){
        elements[0].setX(windowSize-snakeSize);
    }
    if(elements[0].getY()>windowSize-snakeSize){
        elements[0].setY(0);
    }
    else if(elements[0].getY()<0+snakeSize){
        elements[0].setY(windowSize-snakeSize);
    }
    for(int i=0; i<numSegments; i++){
        elements[i].updateRect();
    }       

    //Collision
    if(elementrect.intersects(goal.getRect())){
        numSegments+=1;
        elements[numSegments-1] = new element(elements[numSegments-2].getX(),elements[numSegments-2].getY(), snakeSize,Color.blue);
        goal.setX(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize));
        goal.setY(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize));
        score+=1;
    }
    for(int i=1; i<numSegments; i++){
        if(elementrect.intersects(elements[i].getRect())){
            gameOver();
        }
    }
}

public void gameOver(){
    isRunning = false;
}

public int randompos(int min,int max){
    System.out.println(snakeSize);
    int range = max-min;
    Random randompos = new Random();
    int pos = randompos.nextInt(range)+min;
    pos*=2;
    pos += snakeSize;
    pos /= snakeSize*2;
    pos *= snakeSize*2;
    pos/=2;
    return pos;
}
}