java将JSON写入文件会带来什么？

Question

我有一个JSON文件，上面有不同的国家和语言名称等。我想把它拆分成我所需要的信息。例如，我想

[{
    "name": {
        "common": "Afghanistan",
        "official": "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan",
        "native": {
            "common": "\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646",
            "official": "\u062f \u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a"
        }
    },
    "tld": [".af"],
    "cca2": "AF",
    "ccn3": "004",
    "cca3": "AFG",
    "currency": ["AFN"],
    "callingCode": ["93"],
    "capital": "Kabul",
    "altSpellings": ["AF", "Af\u0121\u0101nist\u0101n"],
    "relevance": "0",
    "region": "Asia",
    "subregion": "Southern Asia",
    "nativeLanguage": "pus",
    "languages": {
        "prs": "Dari",
        "pus": "Pashto",
        "tuk": "Turkmen"
    },
    "translations": {
        "cym": "Affganistan",
        "deu": "Afghanistan",
        "fra": "Afghanistan",
        "hrv": "Afganistan",
        "ita": "Afghanistan",
        "jpn": "\u30a2\u30d5\u30ac\u30cb\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3",
        "nld": "Afghanistan",
        "rus": "\u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d",
        "spa": "Afganist\u00e1n"
    },
    "latlng": [33, 65],
    "demonym": "Afghan",
    "borders": ["IRN", "PAK", "TKM", "UZB", "TJK", "CHN"],
    "area": 652230
}, ...

进入

[{
    "name": {
        "common": "Afghanistan",
        "native": {
            "common": "\u0627\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646"
        }
    },
    "cca2": "AF"
}, ...

但当我尝试时

[{
    "name": {
        "common": "Afghanistan",
        "native": {
            "common": "?????????"   <-- NOT WHAT I WANT
        }
    },
    "cca2": "AF"
},

这是我用来去掉我不想要的东西的重要代码

byte[] encoded = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("countries.json"));
String JSONString =  new String(encoded, Charset.forName("US-ASCII"));
...
Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("countriesBetter.json"), "US-ASCII");
writer.write(javaObject.toString());
writer.close();

我不明白为什么它会把课文变成问号。我试过几个字符集，但都没用。当我使用UTF-8时，我得到ا�غانستان

请帮帮我。谢谢

Answer 1

\u0627是unicode而非ascii，您不能用ascii表示阿拉伯字符-因此是？。有关utf格式之间的差异，请参见Difference between UTF-8 and UTF-16?

当你写UTF-8时，你需要以相同的编码读取，这样“记事本”就知道如何显示它拥有的字节。如果使用这种编码将其读回java，它将不会被改变

Answer 2

您需要更改控制台编码才能看到这一点

进入跑步>运行配置

将打开一个弹出窗口。选择“常用”选项卡。在编码部分，选择其他，然后在下拉列表中选择UTF-8

现在运行程序。我得到了以下结果：

[ {
  "name" : {
    "common" : "Afghanistan",
    "official" : "Islamic Republic of Afghanistan",
    "natives" : {
      "common" : "افغانستان",
      "official" : "د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت"
    }
  },
  "tld" : [ ".af" ],
  "cca2" : "AF",
  "ccn3" : "004",
  "cca3" : "AFG",
  "currency" : [ "AFN" ],
  "callingCode" : [ "93" ],
  "capital" : "Kabul",
  "altSpellings" : [ "AF", "Afġānistān" ],
  "relevance" : "0",
  "region" : "Asia",
  "subregion" : "Southern Asia",
  "nativeLanguage" : "pus",
  "languages" : {
    "prs" : "Dari",
    "pus" : "Pashto",
    "tuk" : "Turkmen"
  },
  "translations" : {
    "cym" : "Affganistan",
    "deu" : "Afghanistan",
    "fra" : "Afghanistan",
    "hrv" : "Afganistan",
    "ita" : "Afghanistan",
    "jpn" : "アフガニスタン",
    "nld" : "Afghanistan",
    "rus" : "Афганистан",
    "spa" : "Afganistán"
  },
  "latlng" : [ 33, 65 ],
  "demonym" : "Afghan",
  "borders" : [ "IRN", "PAK", "TKM", "UZB", "TJK", "CHN" ],
  "area" : 652230
} ]