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今天,我决定尝试解决哲学家进餐的问题。所以我写下面的代码。但我认为这是不对的,所以如果有人告诉我它有什么问题,我会很高兴。我使用fork作为锁(我只读取它们,因为我不把对它们的访问放在同步块中),我有一个扩展线程的类,它保留了它的两个锁

import java.util.Random;

public class EatingPhilosophersProblem {

private final static Random RANDOM = new Random();

/**
 * 
 * @author Damyan Class represents eating of every philosopher. It
 *         represents infinity cycle of eating.
 */
private static class PhilosopherEating extends Thread {

    int forkOne;
    int forkTwo;

    public PhilosopherEating(String name, int forkOne, int forkTwo) {
        super(name);
        this.forkOne = forkOne;
        this.forkTwo = forkTwo;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        super.run();

        while (true) {
            requireLock(this, forkOne, forkTwo);
        }
    }

}

private static Boolean[] forks = new Boolean[] { new Boolean(true), new Boolean(true), new Boolean(true),
        new Boolean(true), new Boolean(true) };
// locks should be created by new, otherwise almost 100% sure that they will
// point to the same object (because of java pools)
// this pools are used from java for immutable objects

private static void requireLock(PhilosopherEating philosopherEating, int firstIndex, int secondIndex) {

    // we lock always from the the lower index to the higher, otherwise
    // every philosopher can take his left fork and deadlock will apear

    if (firstIndex > secondIndex) {
        int temp = firstIndex;
        firstIndex = secondIndex;
        secondIndex = temp;
    }

    if (firstIndex == 4 || secondIndex == 4) {
        System.err.println(firstIndex + " and " + secondIndex);
    }

    synchronized (forks[firstIndex]) {
        synchronized (forks[secondIndex]) {

            printPhilosopherhAction(philosopherEating, "start eating");

            try {
                Thread.sleep(RANDOM.nextInt(100));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            printPhilosopherhAction(philosopherEating, "stop eating");

        }
    }
};

private static void printPhilosopherhAction(PhilosopherEating philosopherEating, String action) {
    System.out.println("Philosopher " + philosopherEating.getName() + " " + action);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

    PhilosopherEating first = new PhilosopherEating("1 - first", 0, 1);
    PhilosopherEating second = new PhilosopherEating("2 - second", 1, 2);
    PhilosopherEating third = new PhilosopherEating("3 - third", 2, 3);
    PhilosopherEating fourth = new PhilosopherEating("4 - fourth", 3, 4);
    PhilosopherEating fifth = new PhilosopherEating("5 - fifth", 4, 0);

    first.start();
    second.start();
    third.start();
    fourth.start();
    fifth.start();

}

我觉得有些不对劲,因为第五位哲学家从不吃东西,主要是第四和第三位哲学家吃东西。 提前谢谢


共 (2) 个答案

  1. # 1 楼答案

    你的问题有一个名字:它被称为线程“饥饿”。这是当多个线程竞争同一资源时,其中一个(或多个)持续被拒绝访问时发生的情况

    弄清楚如何避免僵局是哲学家进餐之谜的一个方面,但弄清楚如何让每个哲学家都有合理的进餐时间可能是另一个方面

    JP Moresmau的回答建议你强迫每个哲学家休息一下(在经典谜题中通常被称为“思考”),这样其他哲学家就可以轮到吃饭了。这是可行的,但如果你认为你的哲学家在某些应用程序中是工作线程,那么“吃”对应于工作线程做一些有用的工作,“休息”或“思考”对应于线程闲置,这可能是你希望避免的事情

    如果所有的哲学家都总是饿着肚子,那么要确保所有的哲学家都能得到公平的进食时间,就不只是锁

    这里有一个提示:使任何类型的“公平性”得到保证的更高级别的同步对象通常在实现中使用队列

  2. # 2 楼答案

    当哲学家吃饭时,你会锁定一段随机的时间,但你会不断循环,所以当其他线程收到解除锁定的通知时,你的第一位哲学家又开始吃饭了。如果我修改了你的代码,在锁外用餐后随机等待:

    requireLock(this, forkOne, forkTwo);
    try {
      Thread.sleep(RANDOM.nextInt(100));
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    

    我看到所有哲学家都更擅长轮流吃饭