在使用@Transactional和@Commit时，java无法测试预期的异常

Question

我使用的是Spring Boot 1.4.0。M3

我有一个@Entity的username应该是唯一的：

@NotNull
@Column(unique = true)
@Pattern(regexp = "[a-zA-Z_\\-\\.0-9]+")
@Size(min = 1, max = 30)
private String username;

使用Spring数据存储库，我想测试使用重复用户名时是否会出现异常。这个测试有效：

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository repository;

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)
    public void test() {
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
    }
}

但是，当用@Commit添加@Transactional时，该测试失败：

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Transactional
public class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository repository;

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)
    @Commit
    public void test() {
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
    }
}

但是看看日志记录，会抛出DataIntegrityViolationException：

2016-05-24 09:05:16.619 ERROR 22790 --- [ main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper : Unique index or primary key violation: "UK_D8HGQ87BS4VPMC81NQ9G69G8X_INDEX_D ON PUBLIC.MYPROJECT_USER(USERNAME) VALUES ('wim', 1)"; SQL statement: insert into myproject_user (password, username, role, id) values (?, ?, 'ADMIN', ?) [23505-191] 2016-05-24 09:05:16.620 INFO 22790 --- [
main] o.h.e.j.b.internal.AbstractBatchImpl : HHH000010: On release of batch it still contained JDBC statements 2016-05-24 09:05:16.629 WARN 22790 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager
: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener@589b3632] to process 'after' execution for test: method [public void com.spring.boot.test.user.UserRepositoryIntegrationTest.test()], instance [com.spring.boot.test.user.UserRepositoryIntegrationTest@3ca278bc], exception [java.lang.AssertionError: Expected exception: org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException]

为什么测试失败？JUnit是否会在Spring提交事务之前检查是否引发了异常

Answer 1

根据M.Deinum和Stephane Nicoll的评论，以下是工作版本：

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Transactional
public class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository repository;

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)
    public void test() {
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));

        TestTransaction.flagForCommit();
        TestTransaction.end();
    }
}

请注意，需要调用这两个静态方法才能使其工作

Answer 2

我需要在MVC控制器测试（@WebAppConfiguration）中测试DataIntegrityViolationException，并通过@ControllerAdvice在应用程序内部进行@ResponseStatus修改。所以你的方法不适合我，太晚了。不幸的是@NotTransactional注释在Spring 4中被排除在外，所以我只是将@Transactional的测试与事务性测试分开。另见http://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/3.0.x/spring-framework-reference/html/testing.html#integration-testing-annotationsfrom

@NotTransactional is deprecated

更新。2种解决方案：

• 明确区分事务性测试和非事务性测试
• 在不需要交易的地方使用@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NEVER)

Answer 3

你不需要承诺。你只需要将你的工作单元刷新到数据库中，就可以看到DataIntegrityViolationException

这在Spring Reference Manual中关于“假阳性”的说明中有描述。然而，请注意，EntityManager必须通过@PersistenceContext（而不是@Autowired）注射

以下几点对你来说应该很好：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
public class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired
    UserRepository repository;

    @PersistenceContext
    EntityManager entityManager;

    @Test(expected = DataIntegrityViolationException.class)
    public void test() {
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));
        repository.save(User.createAdmin(repository.nextId(), "wim", "123456"));

        entityManager.flush();
    }
}

问候

Sam（Spring TestContext框架的作者）