解析不同的字符串长度

Question

我正在为防火墙配置文件编写解析器。 一般来说，我对Python和Python都是新手。你知道吗

问题是如果出现3个以上的参数，（xxxx，xxxx，xxxx），我该如何解析！=（xxxx，xxxx，xxxx，xxxx），如果每行不包含超过3个字符串，则所有规则都正常工作并正确解析所有内容，但我们可以看到[Firewall[F1]]在地址字段后包含“NAT”，并且无论我们如何更改规则都会被忽略。你知道吗

使用（def printTokens（s，loc，toks）：#s=原始字符串，loc=位置，toks=匹配的令牌）

当使用第四个参数（“NAT”）和删除它时，请查看这两个输出。 提前谢谢！需要解析所有内容，包括实现规则的“NAT”。你知道吗

from pyparsing import *

#===================================GRAMMER==================================
zone = Literal("zone")    
zoneid = Word(alphanums)
host = Literal("host")
hostid = Word(alphanums)
interface = Literal("interface")
interfaceid = Word(alphanums)
firewall = Literal("firewall")
firewallid = Word(alphanums)
router = Literal("router")
routerid = Word(alphanums)

fstop = Literal(".")
comma = Suppress(",") #Converter for ignoring the results of a parsed expression.
slash = Literal("/")
ocbracket = Literal("{")
ccbracket = Literal("}")
sobracket = Literal("[")
scbracket = Literal("]")
hyphen = Literal("-")
underline = Literal("_") 
word = Word(alphas)


#===================================IP-TYPE=================================

ip=Combine(Word(nums)+            
        fstop+ Word(nums) + 
        fstop+ Word(nums) + 
        fstop + Word(nums))

subnet = Combine(slash +Word(nums))

address = ip + Optional(subnet)


#===================================RULES===================================

#adword = address + word

zoneRule = zone + zoneid + address
hostRule = host + hostid + ocbracket
interfaceRule = interface + interfaceid + address 
interfaceRule2 = interface + interfaceid + address + word
firewallRule = firewall + firewallid + ocbracket
routerRule = router + routerid + ocbracket

endRule = ccbracket


rule = zoneRule | hostRule | interfaceRule | interfaceRule2 | firewallRule | routerRule | endRule 
rules = OneOrMore(rule)

#===================================DATA=====================================
details = """zone zone1 10.1.0.0/24                   
         zone backbone 10.254.0.0/24
         zone zone 10.2.0.0/24
         host ha {
             interface iha 10.1.0.1
         }
         host hb {
            interface ihb 10.2.0.1
         }
         firewall f1 {
            interface ifla 10.1.0.254 
            interface iflback 10.254.0.101 nat
         }
         router r2 {
            interface ir2back 10.254.0.102
         }
         router r3 {
            interface ir3b 10.2.0.103
         }"""

#==================================METHODS==================================

    def printTokens(s,loc,toks):   #s=orig string, loc=location, toks=matched tokens
    print (toks)

zoneRule.setParseAction(printTokens) 
hostRule.setParseAction(printTokens)
interfaceRule.setParseAction(printTokens)
interfaceRule2.setParseAction(printTokens) #takes in 4 instances where as 3 declared
firewallRule.setParseAction(printTokens)
routerRule.setParseAction(printTokens)
endRule.setParseAction(printTokens)

rules.parseString(details)


#================================OUTPUT RESULT WITH NAT=================================
"""
['zone', 'zone1', '10.1.0.0', '/24']
['zone', 'backbone', '10.254.0.0', '/24']
['zone', 'zone', '10.2.0.0', '/24']
['host', 'ha', '{']
['interface', 'iha', '10.1.0.1']        
['}']
['host', 'hb', '{']
['interface', 'ihb', '10.2.0.1']
['}']
['firewall', 'f1', '{']
['interface', 'ifla', '10.1.0.254']
['interface', 'iflback', '10.254.0.101']"""
#================================OUTPUT RESULT WITHOUT NAT=================================
"""['zone', 'zone1', '10.1.0.0', '/24']
['zone', 'backbone', '10.254.0.0', '/24']
['zone', 'zone', '10.2.0.0', '/24']
['host', 'ha', '{']
['interface', 'iha', '10.1.0.1']
['}']
['host', 'hb', '{']
['interface', 'ihb', '10.2.0.1']
['}']
['firewall', 'f1', '{']
['interface', 'ifla', '10.1.0.254']
['interface', 'iflback', '10.254.0.101']
['}']
['router', 'r2', '{']
['interface', 'ir2back', '10.254.0.102']
['}']
['router', 'r3', '{']
['interface', 'ir3b', '10.2.0.103']
['}']"""

Answer 1

如果要将任意数量的表达式与某个分隔符匹配，请使用PyParsing's delimitedList。默认情况下，它允许分隔符周围有空格；添加combine=True以不需要空格。你知道吗

但是，如果您想在语法中允许可选项，您应该只添加一个可选项。对于接口规则，可以替换：

interfaceRule = interface + interfaceid + address 
interfaceRule2 = interface + interfaceid + address + word

使用：

interfaceRule = interface + interfaceid + address + Optional(word)

最后，您发布的代码的实际问题是使用|运算符，这是MatchFirst的简写形式。MatchFirst将按的顺序尝试给定的选项，并返回匹配的first的结果。如果改为使用Or，其缩写形式是^运算符，则它将改为尝试所有选项，并返回与最长匹配的选项。你知道吗