子类对话框窗口中使用方法影响主风的问题

Question

我正在尝试使用PyQT5创建一个GUI程序。我是编程和Python的新手，所以如果我用错误的方式解释问题，请纠正我。你知道吗

我有一个主窗口，将包含多个QLineEdit小部件和相应的“清除”按钮来清除用户输入的数据。主窗口还包含“编辑”按钮，用于显示特定的对话框，也可以在其中编辑数据。我的示例有一个“userid”QLineEdit小部件/文本框、“Clear”和“Edit”按钮。你知道吗

单击“编辑”时出现的对话框有自己的“清除”按钮。如果单击对话框窗口中的“清除”按钮，则应清除对话框和主窗口中的QLineEdit小部件。你知道吗

问题：当我从对话框类继承主窗口类时，用于清除用户ID字段的方法clearUserID（）无法调用。你知道吗

当我没有从主窗口类继承clearUserID方法时，我可以清除对话框QLineEdit（UserIDWin\u UserID\u lnedt）但不能主窗口上相应的小部件（UserID\u lnedt）。我试图用对话框“清除”按钮清除主窗口QLineEdit小部件的所有代码都导致了我的程序崩溃。你知道吗

有人能帮我更好地理解这些原则背后的逻辑，以及如何让我的代码工作吗？非常感谢。你知道吗

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(820, 611)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.tabWidget = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.tabWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 801, 551))
        self.tabWidget.setObjectName("tabWidget")
        self.MainTab = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.MainTab.setObjectName("MainTab")
        self.UserID_Edit_pb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.MainTab)
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 10, 31, 23))
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setObjectName("UserID_Edit_pb")
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.clicked.connect(self.openUserIDWin)
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.MainTab)
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 9, 41, 23))
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setObjectName("UserID_Clear_pb_2")
        self.UserID_le = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.MainTab)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.MainTab)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 47, 13))
        self.UserID_le.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 10, 113, 20))
        self.UserID_le.setObjectName("UserID_le")
        self.tabWidget.addTab(self.MainTab, "")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 820, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.tabWidget.setCurrentIndex(0)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.clicked.connect(self.UserID_le.clear)


    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Edit"))
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Clear"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "User ID"))
        self.tabWidget.setTabText(self.tabWidget.indexOf(self.MainTab), _translate("MainWindow", "Tab"))

    def openUserIDWin(self):
        UserID_value = self.UserID_le.text()
        UserIDWin = QtWidgets.QDialog()
        ui = Ui_UserIDWin(UserID_value)
        ui.setupUi(UserIDWin)
        UserIDWin.exec_();



class Ui_UserIDWin(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, userID):
        print("The User ID is:" + userID)
        self.userID = userID

    def setupUi(self, UserIDWin):
        UserIDWin.setObjectName("UserIDWin")
        UserIDWin.resize(400, 124)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setText(self.userID)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 50, 113, 20))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt")
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 47, 13))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserID_lbl")
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 50, 41, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb")
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(110, 80, 75, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb")
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190, 80, 75, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_Next_pushb")

        self.retranslateUi(UserIDWin)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(UserIDWin)

        #If I do not inherit from "QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow" the code below works and invokes clearUserId().  However, I then am having problems using SetText on the main window UserId_le text box and the program crashes.
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.clicked.connect(self.clearUserID)

    def retranslateUi(self, UserIDWin):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        UserIDWin.setWindowTitle(_translate("UserIDWin", "Dialog"))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "User ID"))
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Clear"))
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Cancel"))
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Next"))

    def clearUserID(self):
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setText('')
        # The line below crashes my program if I am able to invoke this method.
        #self.Ui_MainWindow.UserID_le.setText('')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Answer 1

似乎他们对继承和良好实践有明确的概念，但其他人不喜欢以下内容：

• PyQt建议不要修改Qt设计器生成的代码，因为您可能希望在将来修改GUI，并且在使用pyuic时会覆盖初始代码。另一个问题是初学者不理解Qt设计器生成的类不是一个小部件，而是一个用来填充另一个小部件的接口，因此除了其他问题外，不能覆盖小部件的方法。

• 如果一个类的对象和另一个类的对象具有相同的作用域，则只需从另一个类的对象修改一个类的对象，在您的情况下，如果希望从另一个窗口清除主窗口的QLineEdit是一项危险的任务，那么您应该在两个窗口具有相同作用域并且在openUserIDWin方法中执行该逻辑。

• QLineEdit已经有了clear（）方法，允许清理，它实现了与setText（“”）相同的功能，但是第一个方法更具可读性。

综上所述，解决方案是：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(820, 611)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.tabWidget = QtWidgets.QTabWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.tabWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 801, 551))
        self.tabWidget.setObjectName("tabWidget")
        self.MainTab = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.MainTab.setObjectName("MainTab")
        self.UserID_Edit_pb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.MainTab)
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 10, 31, 23))
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setObjectName("UserID_Edit_pb")
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.MainTab)
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 9, 41, 23))
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setObjectName("UserID_Clear_pb_2")
        self.UserID_le = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.MainTab)
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.MainTab)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 10, 47, 13))
        self.UserID_le.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 10, 113, 20))
        self.UserID_le.setObjectName("UserID_le")
        self.tabWidget.addTab(self.MainTab, "")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 820, 21))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        self.tabWidget.setCurrentIndex(0)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Edit"))
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Clear"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "User ID"))
        self.tabWidget.setTabText(self.tabWidget.indexOf(self.MainTab), _translate("MainWindow", "Tab"))


class Ui_UserIDWin(object):
    def setupUi(self, UserIDWin):
        UserIDWin.setObjectName("UserIDWin")
        UserIDWin.resize(400, 124)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 50, 113, 20))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt")
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl = QtWidgets.QLabel(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 30, 47, 13))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserID_lbl")
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 50, 41, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb")
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(110, 80, 75, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb")
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb = QtWidgets.QPushButton(UserIDWin)
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190, 80, 75, 23))
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setObjectName("UserIDWin_Next_pushb")

        self.retranslateUi(UserIDWin)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(UserIDWin)

    def retranslateUi(self, UserIDWin):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        UserIDWin.setWindowTitle(_translate("UserIDWin", "Dialog"))
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lbl.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "User ID"))
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Clear"))
        self.UserIDWin_Cancel_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Cancel"))
        self.UserIDWin_Next_pushb.setText(_translate("UserIDWin", "Next"))


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.UserID_Edit_pb.clicked.connect(self.openUserIDWin)
        self.UserID_Clear_pb_2.clicked.connect(self.UserID_le.clear)

    def openUserIDWin(self):
        UserID_value = self.UserID_le.text()
        w = UserIDWin(UserID_value)
        w.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.clicked.connect(self.UserID_le.clear)
        w.exec_()


class UserIDWin(QtWidgets.QDialog, Ui_UserIDWin):
    def __init__(self, userID, parent=None):
        super(UserIDWin, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        self.userID = userID
        self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.setText(self.userID)
        self.UserIDWin_UserIDClear_pushb.clicked.connect(self.UserIDWin_UserID_lnedt.clear)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MainWindow()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

我建议您阅读：

• http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt5/designer.html
• QtDesigner changes will be lost after redesign User Interface