回答此问题可获得 20 贡献值,回答如果被采纳可获得 50 分。
<p>一个月前,我解决了Python 2.7的应用程序冻结问题,您可以看到<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39135408/using-pyinstaller-on-parmap-causes-a-tkinter-matplotlib-import-error-why">here</a>。此后,我将我的代码修改为Python3.5(使用Anaconda),它似乎正在工作。无法让pyinstaller使用Anaconda,因此切换到尝试使用标准Python 3.5编译器生成.exe。我使用的设置与上面链接(<code>pyinstaller --additional-hooks-dir=. --clean --win-private-assemblies pipegui.py</code>)中的设置相同,只是得到了以下错误消息:</p>
<pre><code>`Exception: Cannot find PyQt5 plugin directories`
</code></pre>
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19207746/using-cx-freeze-in-pyqt5-cant-find-pyqt5">This</a>可能是相关的?但我使用的是Pyinstaller,我没有setup.py,所以不知道如何利用那里的解决方案,如果有的话</p>
<p>我觉得这个错误消息很奇怪,因为我使用的不是PyQt5,而是PyQt4。以下是完整的输出:</p>
<pre><code>C:\Users\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\PycharmProjects\Mesoscale-Brain-Explorer\src>pyinstaller --additional-hooks-dir=. --clean --win-private-assemblies pipegui.py
62 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2
62 INFO: Python: 3.5.0
62 INFO: Platform: Windows-10.0.14393
62 INFO: wrote C:\Users\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\PycharmProjects\Mesoscale-Brain-Explorer\src\pipegui.spec
62 INFO: UPX is not available.
62 INFO: Removing temporary files and cleaning cache in C:\Users\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\AppData\Roaming\pyinstaller
62 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
['C:\\Users\\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\\PycharmProjects\\Mesoscale-Brain-Explorer',
'C:\\Users\\Cornelis Dirk '
'Haupt\\PycharmProjects\\Mesoscale-Brain-Explorer\\src']
62 INFO: checking Analysis
62 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
62 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
62 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
62 INFO: Analyzing base_library.zip ...
1430 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
1727 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-math-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1742 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-runtime-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1742 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-locale-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1758 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-stdio-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1758 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-heap-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1774 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-string-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1774 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-environment-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1774 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-time-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1789 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-filesystem-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1789 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-conio-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1789 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-process-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1805 WARNING: Can not get binary dependencies for file: C:\Anaconda3\api-ms-win-crt-convert-l1-1-0.dll
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 695, in getImports
return _getImports_pe(pth)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\depend\bindepend.py", line 122, in _getImports_pe
dll, _ = sym.forwarder.split('.')
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'
1805 INFO: Caching module hooks...
1805 INFO: Analyzing C:\Users\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\PycharmProjects\Mesoscale-Brain-Explorer\src\pipegui.py
1992 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook distutils
2055 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook six.moves
3181 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook site
3181 INFO: site: retargeting to fake-dir 'c:\\users\\cornelis dirk haupt\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python35\\lib\\site-packages\\PyInstaller\\fake-modules'
4298 INFO: Processing pre-safe import module hook win32com
9975 INFO: Loading module hooks...
9975 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-_tkinter.py"...
10121 INFO: checking Tree
10121 INFO: Building Tree because out00-Tree.toc is non existent
10122 INFO: Building Tree out00-Tree.toc
10184 INFO: checking Tree
10184 INFO: Building Tree because out01-Tree.toc is non existent
10185 INFO: Building Tree out01-Tree.toc
10198 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-matplotlib.py"...
10404 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pywintypes.py"...
10526 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.py"...
10526 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-pydoc.py"...
10527 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.linalg.py"...
10527 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.sparse.csgraph.py"...
10529 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-plugins.py"...
10721 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook PyQt4.uic.port_v3
10726 INFO: Processing pre-find module path hook PyQt4.uic.port_v2
12402 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-OpenGL.py"...
12583 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt4.QtGui.py"...
12802 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
12807 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt4.uic.py"...
12812 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtWidgets.py"...
12813 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-xml.etree.cElementTree.py"...
12813 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-setuptools.py"...
12814 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-scipy.special._ufuncs.py"...
12814 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py"...
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 2, in <module>
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified procedure could not be found.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\runpy.py", line 170, in _run_module_as_main
"__main__", mod_spec)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "C:\Users\Cornelis Dirk Haupt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35\Scripts\pyinstaller.exe\__main__.py", line 9, in <module>
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\__main__.py", line 90, in run
run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\__main__.py", line 46, in run_build
PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 788, in main
build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 734, in build
exec(text, spec_namespace)
File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 212, in __init__
self.__postinit__()
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\datastruct.py", line 178, in __postinit__
self.assemble()
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\build_main.py", line 470, in assemble
module_hook.post_graph()
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\imphook.py", line 409, in post_graph
self._load_hook_module()
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\building\imphook.py", line 376, in _load_hook_module
self.hook_module_name, self.hook_filename)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\compat.py", line 725, in importlib_load_source
return mod_loader.load_module()
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 385, in _check_name_wrapper
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 806, in load_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 665, in load_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 268, in _load_module_shim
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 693, in _load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 673, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 662, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 222, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\hooks\hook-PyQt5.QtCore.py", line 15, in <module>
binaries = qt_plugins_binaries('codecs', namespace='PyQt5')
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\utils\hooks\qt.py", line 64, in qt_plugins_binaries
pdir = qt_plugins_dir(namespace=namespace)
File "c:\users\cornelis dirk haupt\appdata\local\programs\python\python35\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\utils\hooks\qt.py", line 38, in qt_plugins_dir
raise Exception('Cannot find {0} plugin directories'.format(namespace))
Exception: Cannot find PyQt5 plugin directories
</code></pre>
<p>我也不知道<code>TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'</code><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33054527/python-3-5-typeerror-a-bytes-like-object-is-required-not-str">This</a>可能与什么有关?我只在pickle中使用二进制模式几次,据我所知这是我的唯一用法:</p>
<pre><code>pickle.dump( roiState, open( fileName, "wb" ) )
roiState = pickle.load(open(fileName, "rb"))
</code></pre>
<p>我在运行应用程序时没有任何错误,只有在尝试使用pyinstaller生成.exe时才会出现这些错误。为什么?</p>
<p>还要注意,上面的回溯中确实弹出了Anaconda3(为什么它要在那里寻找二进制文件?)但是我:</p>
<ol>
<li>从Anaconda卸载pyinstaller</li>
<li>Am使用标准的Python3.5(64位)编译器</li>
</ol>
<p>我唯一能想到的可能是罪魁祸首是我不再使用Pyinstaller的开发版本(它只是flat在Python 3.5中不运行)。当我的代码为python 2.7编写时,我不得不使用开发人员版本来解决冻结问题<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39135408/using-pyinstaller-on-parmap-causes-a-tkinter-matplotlib-import-error-why">here</a></p>