如何使用tkinter和matplotlib在不关闭i的情况下从绘图中选择点

Question

我正在尝试获得一些使用Tkinter制作应用程序的经验。这个实践应用程序将在两个面板的绘图中显示一些数据，有一个按钮来生成新的数据，并且能够选择和突出显示数据的区域。就在最后一部分我被卡住了。我有一个类（PointSelector），它接受两个轴的列表（axarr）、要选择的整数（ax2select）、图形（fig）、画布（canv）、要高亮显示的范围（NumRanges）和数据（xdat和ydat）。在

除非我用命令表演（）在mpl_连接线之后，代码不等待click事件。但如果我真的用表演（），一个新的绘图窗口出现（我不想要），matplotlib将一直阻塞，直到所有窗口关闭（我希望在大腿高亮显示完成后窗口保持打开）。在

当mpl_disconnect被调用时，是否有办法解除matplotlib的阻塞（也没有出现第二个窗口，即使用plt.绘图()) ? 或者，有没有办法不使用命令就使用matplotlib的事件系统表演()? 在

import Tkinter as tk
import numpy as np
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')

from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tkFileDialog 

LARGE_FONT = ("Verdana", 12)


class PointSelector():
'''
classdocs
'''
def __init__(self, axarr, ax2select, fig, canv, NumRanges, xdat, ydat):
    '''
    Constructor
    '''
    self.axarr = axarr
    self.ax2select = ax2select
    self.fig = fig
    self.canv = canv
    self.NumRanges = NumRanges
    SelectedPoints = []
    self.Ranges = []
    self.xdat = xdat
    self.ydat = ydat
    self.Nselected = 0
    self.SelectedL = False
    self.SelectedR = False
    self.LeftArr = []
    self.RightArr = []
    self.cid = canv.mpl_connect('button_press_event', self.onclick)
#         plt.ion()
#         plt.show()
    canv.show()




    print 'Done With ALL!'


    def PlotRange(self,rng):
        x = self.xdat[range(rng[0],rng[1]+1)]
        y = self.ydat[range(rng[0],rng[1]+1)]
        self.axarr[self.ax2select].plot(x,y,color='r')

        self.canv.draw()

    def PlotPoint(self,x,y):
        self.axarr[self.ax2select].scatter(x,y,color='r')
        self.canv.draw()

    def onclick(self, event):
        print('button=%d, x=%d, y=%d, xdata=%f, ydata=%f' %
      (event.button, event.x, event.y, event.xdata, event.ydata))

        if event.inaxes == self.axarr[self.ax2select]:

            xval = np.argmin(np.abs(event.xdata-self.xdat))
            if self.SelectedL:
                self.RightArr.append(xval)
                self.SelectedR = True
                self.PlotPoint(self.xdat[xval], self.ydat[xval])
            else:
                self.LeftArr.append(xval)
                self.SelectedL = True
                self.PlotPoint(self.xdat[xval], self.ydat[xval])

            if self.SelectedL and self.SelectedR:
                self.SelectedL = False
                self.SelectedR = False
                self.Nselected += 1
                self.PlotRange([self.LeftArr[-1], self.RightArr[-1]])
                if self.Nselected == self.NumRanges:
                    for i in range(len(self.LeftArr)):
                        self.Ranges.append([self.LeftArr[i], self.RightArr[i]])
                    self.canv.mpl_disconnect(self.cid)
                    print 'Done With Selection'


        else:
            print 'Outside Window'

class Driver(tk.Tk):
'''
classdocs
'''
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    '''
    Constructor
    '''
        tk.Tk.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        container = tk.Frame(self)
        container.pack(side="top", fill="both",expand=True)
        container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        self.frames = dict()
        F = StartPage
        frame = F(container, self)
        self.frames[F] = frame
        frame.grid(row=0,column=0,sticky="nsew")
        self.show_frame(StartPage)
    def show_frame(self, cont):
        frame = self.frames[cont]
        frame.tkraise()

class StartPage(tk.Frame):
'''
classdocs
'''


    def __init__(self, parent, controller):
    '''
    Constructor
    '''
        tk.Frame.__init__(self, parent)
        self.controller = controller
        label = tk.Label(self,text="Start Page", font=LARGE_FONT)
        label.pack(pady=10,padx=10)

        quitButton = tk.Button(self, text="Quit",command=self._quit)
        quitButton.pack(side="bottom")



        NewDataButton = tk.Button(self, text="Get New Data",command=self.GetNewData)
        NewDataButton.pack(side="top")


        menu = tk.Menu(parent)
        controller.config(menu=menu)

        submenuFile = tk.Menu(menu)
        menu.add_cascade(label="File",menu=submenuFile)
        submenuFile.add_command(label='Open File', command=self.onOpen)
        submenuFile.add_command(label='Load Configuration File', command=self.onOpen)
        submenuFile.add_separator()

        submenuFile.add_command(label='Exit', command=self._quit)




        submenuContinuum = tk.Menu(menu)
        menu.add_cascade(label="Continuum",menu=submenuContinuum)



        canvas_width = 100
        canvas_height = 100
        canv = tk.Canvas(self,width=canvas_width,height=canvas_height)
        canv.pack()

        self.x = np.linspace(0.0,4.0*np.pi,100)

        self.fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))

        self.axarr = []
        self.axarr.append(plt.subplot(211))
        self.axarr.append(plt.subplot(212))


        self.canv = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=self)
        self.canv.show()
        self.canv.get_tk_widget().pack()
        self.canv._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=1)
        self.GetNewData()

        self.txt=tk.Text(self)
        submenuContinuum.add_command(label='Select Continuum', 
                                 command=lambda:PointSelector(self.axarr, 0, self.fig, self.canv, 2, 
                                                            self.x, self.y))
        submenuContinuum.add_command(label='Remove Continuum', command=donothing)

    def GetNewData(self):
        rnum = (np.random.rand(1))
        print rnum
        self.y = np.sin(self.x)*(np.random.rand(1)*4.0)*(self.x)**rnum
        self.dy = np.gradient(self.y, self.x[1]-self.x[0])
        self.DrawData()
    def DrawData(self):
        self.axarr[0].clear()
        self.axarr[1].clear()
        self.axarr[0].plot(self.x,self.y)
        self.axarr[1].plot(self.x,self.dy)

        self.canv.draw()

    def onOpen(self):

        ftypes = [('Python files', '*.py'), ('All files', '*')]
        dlg = tkFileDialog.Open(self, filetypes = ftypes)
        fl = dlg.show()

        if fl != '':
            text = self.readFile(fl)
            self.txt.insert('end', text)

    def readFile(self, filename):

        f = open(filename, "r")
        text = f.read()
        return text

    def _quit(self):
        self.controller.quit()
        self.controller.destroy()

def donothing():
    print "nothing"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = Driver()
    app.mainloop()

Answer 1

首先，您不想在GUI中使用plt.show()或{}是正确的，因为它们会干扰GUI窗口。
您可能还想去掉PointSelector的初始化方法中的canv.show()（只是因为我不知道它应该在那里做什么，__init__不是程序中需要重新绘制内容的方法）。在

所以假设点选择器没有问题，实际的问题来自于直线

.add_command(label='...', command=lambda:PointSelector(...))

它在匿名函数中实例化。这样做的问题是你现在无法在程序中使用这个实例，而且一旦它的__init__完成，它就会丢失。在

随之而来的问题是丢失了对matplotlib回调的引用。
matplotlib event handling tutorial声明：

The canvas retains only weak references to the callbacks. Therefore if a callback is a method of a class instance, you need to retain a reference to that instance. Otherwise the instance will be garbage-collected and the callback will vanish.

因此，为了能够在程序中使用PointSelector，您需要将其分配给一个类变量，例如self.selector = PointSelector(..)。这可以在一个从菜单中称为命令的方法中完成。在

一个可能的解决方案如下：

^{pr2}$