python管理.py测试：Django.db.utils。操作错误：没有此类表：accounts\us

Question

我在测试方面是个新手，在尝试使用python manage.py test为我的django项目运行测试时，我得到了django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user。在

我有帐户应用程序中的用户模型，并且帐户应用程序已添加到我的已安装应用程序中设置.py在

我为所有的项目应用运行了makemgirations和migrate，我也进入了projectshell，尝试在accounts应用程序中从用户模型创建一个用户，所有这些都很好，但是当我运行我的测试时，我得到了一个错误。在

下面是我试图运行的测试，它会产生错误

from django.test import TestCase
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

class UserTestCase(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        USER = get_user_model()
        USER.objects.create(
            email="johndoe@example.com", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
        )
        USER.objects.create(
            email="janedoe@example.com", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
        )

    def test_user_full_name(self):
        """ A user's fullname correctly identified """
        jane = USER.objects.get(email="janedoe@example.com")
        john = USER.objects.get(email="johndoe@example.com")

        self.assertEqual(jane.get_full_name(), "Jane Doe")
        self.assertEqual(john.get_full_name(), "John Doe")

下面是我在projectshell中运行的代码

^{pr2}$

下面是我的数据库设置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
        'TEST': {
            'test_NAME': 'test_db',
        }
    }
}

请如何解决这一问题

下面是完整的堆栈跟踪

$ python manage.py test
Creating test database for alias 'default'...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
sqlite3.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 375, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 23, in run_from_argv
    super().run_from_argv(argv)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 323, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\test.py", line 53, in handle
    failures = test_runner.run_tests(test_labels)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line
629, in run_tests
    old_config = self.setup_databases(aliases=databases)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\test\runner.py", line
554, in setup_databases
    self.parallel, **kwargs
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\test\utils.py", line 174, in setup_databases
    serialize=connection.settings_dict.get('TEST', {}).get('SERIALIZE', True),
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\base\creation.py", line 72, in create_test_db
    run_syncdb=True,
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 148, in call_command
    return command.execute(*args, **defaults)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 364, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 83, in wrapped
    res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 203, in handle
    self.sync_apps(connection, executor.loader.unmigrated_apps)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 341, in sync_apps
    self.stdout.write("    Running deferred SQL...\n")
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\schema.py", line 34, in __exit__
    self.connection.check_constraints()
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 341, in check_constraints
    column_name, referenced_column_name,
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 67, in execute
    return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 76, in _execute_with_wrappers
    return executor(sql, params, many, context)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 84, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
    raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py", line 82, in _execute
    return self.cursor.execute(sql)
  File "C:\Users\i-am-prinx\.virtualenvs\ProjectName-2t3W9LfY\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py", line 381, in execute
    return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query)
django.db.utils.OperationalError: no such table: accounts_user

工具和版本 django 2.2版 python 3.6版

Answer 1

尝试按如下方式设置数据库设置（这取决于您使用的django版本）：

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

Answer 2

这个问题的主要原因是因为项目中的一个应用程序有一个带有User模型的foreignkey字段，并且该应用程序没有migrations文件夹，并且应用程序中的模型（包括那些具有{}模型的foreignkey引用）没有被迁移（注意，该应用程序在已安装的应用程序中）。 我通过以下步骤解决了这个问题

**步骤和我注意到的解释**

• 我删除了项目根目录上的db.sqlite3文件

  • 我删除了所有应用程序上的迁移目录（虽然我运行了python manage.py makemigrations，但并非所有应用程序都有migrations文件夹，原因我真的不知道）。唯一有migrations文件夹的应用程序是accounts应用程序。

  • 然后，我显式地为所有应用程序运行makemigrations（即使没有显式运行migrate命令，测试也有效，到目前为止，makemigrations已经运行），然后我运行python manage.py migrate命令

**对于上述代码**

class UserTestCase(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):

        USER = get_user_model()  # < -  doing this here generates error when using USER.get() in the test_... methods
        USER.objects.create(
            email="johndoe@example.com", first_name="John", last_name="Doe"
        )
        USER.objects.create(
            email="janedoe@example.com", first_name="Jane", last_name="Doe"
        )

    def test_user_full_name(self):
        """ A user's fullname correctly identified """
        jane = USER.objects.get(email="janedoe@example.com")
        john = USER.objects.get(email="johndoe@example.com")

        self.assertEqual(jane.get_full_name(), "Jane Doe")
        self.assertEqual(john.get_full_name(), "John Doe")

以上代码将失败，正确的代码应该是

^{pr2}$

我希望这能对某人有所帮助