如何在Windows上安装lxml

Question

我正试图用Python 3.4在Windows 8.1笔记本上安装lmxl，结果失败得很惨。

首先，我尝试了简单而明显的解决方案：pip install lxml。但是，这不起作用。上面写着：

Downloading/unpacking lxml
  Running setup.py (path:C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_carte_000\lxml\setup.py) egg_info for package lxml
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"
    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
    C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)

    warning: no previously-included files found matching '*.py'
Installing collected packages: lxml
  Running setup.py install for lxml
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.
    Building without Cython.
    ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"
    ** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **

    Using build configuration of libxslt
    building 'lxml.etree' extension
    C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat
    Complete output from command C:\Python34\python.exe -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\CARTE_~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip_build_carte_000\\lxml\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-l8vvrv9g-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    Building lxml version 3.4.2.

Building without Cython.

ERROR: b"'xslt-config' is not recognized as an internal or external command,\r\noperable program or batch file.\r\n"

** make sure the development packages of libxml2 and libxslt are installed **



Using build configuration of libxslt

running install

running build

running build_py

creating build

creating build\lib.win32-3.4

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\cssselect.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\doctestcompare.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\ElementInclude.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\pyclasslookup.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\sax.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\_elementpath.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\clean.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\defs.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\diff.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\ElementSoup.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\formfill.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\html5parser.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\soupparser.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\usedoctest.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_diffcommand.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_html5builder.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\_setmixin.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

copying src\lxml\html\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\html

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron

copying src\lxml\lxml.etree.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\lxml.etree_api.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml

copying src\lxml\includes\c14n.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\config.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\dtdvalid.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\etreepublic.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\htmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\relaxng.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\schematron.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\tree.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\uri.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xinclude.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlerror.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlparser.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xmlschema.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xpath.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\xslt.pxd -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\etree_defs.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

copying src\lxml\includes\lxml-version.h -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\includes

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng\iso-schematron.rng -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\rng

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\RNG2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\XSD2Schtrn.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl

creating build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_abstract_expand.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_dsdl_include.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_message.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_schematron_skeleton_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\iso_svrl_for_xslt1.xsl -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

copying src\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1\readme.txt -> build\lib.win32-3.4\lxml\isoschematron\resources\xsl\iso-schematron-xslt1

running build_ext

building 'lxml.etree' extension

C:\Python34\lib\distutils\dist.py:260: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'bugtrack_url'

  warnings.warn(msg)

error: Unable to find vcvarsall.bat

----------------------------------------
Cleaning up...
Command C:\Python34\python.exe -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\CARTE_~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip_build_carte_000\\lxml\\setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-l8vvrv9g-record\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\CARTE_~1\AppData\Local\Temp\pip_build_carte_000\lxml
Storing debug log for failure in C:\Users\carte_000\pip\pip.log

所以我看了这个伟大而有用的东西叫做互联网，很多人都有同样的错误，需要libxml2和libxlst。他们推荐了一个叫克里斯托夫·高尔克的页面，在那里他为一堆包提供某种二进制内容。你可以找到它here（quicklink to the lxml part）。

因此，在我放弃了为pip查找libxml2和libxslt的尝试之后，我决定去那里，发现绝对是一吨的下载量。我知道我需要一个64位的，但是我不知道我需要哪个“cp”。

所以给我一个关于pip方法或者Gohlke索引方法的解决方案是很好的。

Answer 1

首先，在评论之后，我下载了lxml-3.4.2-cp34-none-win_amd64.whl文件，并试图用pip install打开它，但它只是告诉我它不是系统上的有效控制盘文件或其他文件。

然后，我下载了win_32文件，它成功了！也许是因为我有一个英特尔处理器，AMD64是，不出所料，只有AMD处理器。

Answer 2

这些说明适用于带有Python3.4的Windows7或Windows8。

但是，随着python和其他相应的先决条件的变化/发展，它们应该适用于各种版本：

1. 安装Python3.4：
   1. 从下载页面HERE下载Python3.4的最新版本
      • Win32 MSI安装程序的直接链接->；HERE
   2. 只需运行MSI来安装python。它将在注册表中注册自己，并出现在“添加/删除程序”中。
   3. 注意：下面的说明假设您在python安装向导中被询问时选择将python安装到默认路径C:\python34\
2. 将C:\python33\和C:\python34\scripts文件夹添加到系统路径，方法是将这些目录添加到PATH环境变量（从控制面板>；系统>；高级系统设置链接（高级选项卡）>；环境变量（按钮）中）。
3. 安装OpenSSL：
   1. 从HERE为您的Windows和PC体系结构版本下载Win32 OpenSSL页
   <>下载>强> Visual C++ 2008重新分发< <强> > Windows和PC体系结构
   2. 为您的Windows和architecture版本（普通版本，而不是轻型版本）下载OpenSSL
   3. 将c:\openssl-win32\bin（或类似的）目录添加到PATH中，与上面添加C:\python34和C:\python34\scripts的方法相同。
4. 安装Setuptools（get-pip.py应该为您安装Setuptools），但是，以防万一。。。
   1. 下载ez_setup.pyHERE并将其保存在C:\python34\scripts
   2. 运行
5. 安装管道
   1. 从HERE下载get-pip.py，并将其保存到C:\python34\scripts
   2. 运行
6. 安装LXML
   1. 从HERE下载LXML 3.4.4用于您的Windows和PC体系结构版本
   2. 运行EXE文件

Answer 3

或者也可以转到Christoph's Gohlke's Python page，然后下载正确的lxml文件。（通常，由于我使用Python3.4并且有一个窗口，所以我下载了lxml-3.4.4-cp34-none-win32.whl）

转到它所在的文件夹。在背景中单击（因此没有选择任何内容），然后同时左移+右键单击并单击“打开命令窗口”。然后键入 C： /Python34/Scripts/pip install“您刚才下载的文件名。whl”

在本例中，它将是C:/Python34/Scripts/pip install“lxml-3.4.4-cp34-none-win32.whl”

现在按回车键。这对我很有效，在你输入报价后，你也可以按tab键，它应该为你填写正确的报价。