使用re.match筛选字符串列表时失败

Question

我想使用regex过滤python中的字符串列表。在以下情况下，只保留扩展名为“.npy”的文件。

不起作用的代码：

import re

files = [ '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy', ]

regex = re.compile(r'_x\d+_y\d+\.npy')

selected_files = filter(regex.match, files)
print(selected_files)

同样的regex在Ruby中也适用于我：

selected = files.select { |f| f =~ /_x\d+_y\d+\.npy/ }

Python代码有什么问题？

Answer 1

只需使用search-因为match从字符串的开始到结束（即整个）开始匹配，并搜索字符串中的任何位置。

import re

files = [ '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy', ]

regex = re.compile(r'_x\d+_y\d+\.npy')

selected_files = filter(regex.search, files)
print(selected_files)

输出-

['/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy', '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy', '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy']

Answer 2

selected_files = filter(regex.match, files)

^{}等于re.search('^regex')或text.startswith('regex')，但为regex版本。它只检查字符串是否以regex开头。

因此，使用re.search()代替：

import re

files = [ '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy', ]

regex = re.compile(r'_x\d+_y\d+\.npy')

selected_files = list(filter(regex.search, files))
# The list call is only required in Python 3, since filter was changed to return a generator
print(selected_files)

输出：

['/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy',
 '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy',
 '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy']

---

如果您只想获得所有的.npy文件，只需使用^{}：

files = [ '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x005_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x004_y003.npy',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.png',
          '/a/b/c/la_seg_x003_y003.npy', ]


selected_files = list(filter(lambda x: x.endswith('.npy'), files))

print(selected_files)

Answer 3

^{}在字符串的开头查找匹配项。您可以改用re.search()。