python/numpy中的矩阵减法

2024-06-28 11:20:42 发布

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我有一个kalman滤波器的实现,我正在做矩阵运算。在某个点上,我应该减去两个1x1矩阵。我有个错误,我不知道它是从哪里来的。 在python中进行矩阵运算的最佳方法是什么?在

import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
import scipy as Sci
import scipy.linalg as linalg

class GetPos(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.Posp = 0
        self.Velp = 80
        self.z = np.matrix(0)
    def __repr__(self):
        return "from GetPos.__repr__ z=%s" % (self.z)
    def __call__(self):
        self.dt = 0.1
        self.w = 0 + 10*np.random.random()
        self.v = 0 + 10*np.random.random()            
        self.z = self.Posp + self.Velp*self.dt + self.v
        self.Posp = self.z - self.v
        self.Velp = 80 + self.w
        print 'from GetPos.__call__ z = %s' % self.z
        return self.z

class DvKalman(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.dt = .1
        self.A = np.matrix([[1., self.dt],[0,1]])
        self.H = np.matrix([1., 0])
        self.Q = np.matrix([[1,0.],[0,3]])
        self.R = np.matrix(10)
        self.x = np.matrix([0,20]).T
        self.P = np.matrix(5*np.eye(2))
        #print 'P matrix \n%s' % self.P
        self.firstRun = 0
    def __call__(self, z):
        self.z = z
        print 'from DvKalman.__call__ slef.z = %s and z = %s' % (self.z,z)
        self.xp = self.A * self.x
        self.Pp = self.A*self.P*self.A.T  + self.Q
        self.K = self.Pp * self.H.T * linalg.inv(np.absolute(self.H*self.Pp*self.H.T + self.R));
        print 'from DvKalman.__call__  z=%s, \npreviouse x=\n%s \nH = \n%s \nand P=\n%s \nand xp=\n%s,\n Pp = \n%s,\n K=\n%s' % (self.z,self.x,self.H, self.P,self.xp,self.Pp,self.K)
        newM1 = self.H*self.xp    
        print 'This is self.H*self.xp %s and this is self.z = %s' % (newM1, self.z)
        newM2 = self.z - self.H*self.xp
        print 'This should give simple substruction %s' % newM2                 
        self.x = self.xp + self.K*(self.z - self.H*self.xp)
        self.P = self.Pp - self.K*self.H*self.Pp
        print 'new values x=%s and P=%s' % (self.x,self.P)
        return (self.x)
def TestDvKalman():
    Nsamples = np.arange(0,10,.1)

    kal = DvKalman()
    #print type(kal)
    Xsaved = []
    Zsaved = []

    for i in range(len(Nsamples)):
        z = GetPos()
        print z
        print 'from TestDvKalman zpos = %s' % z
        Zsaved.append(z)
        [position, velocity] = kal(z)
        print position, velocity
        Xsaved.append([position, velocity])
    print Zsaved
    print Xsaved
#    f1 = pl.subplot(121)
#    f1 = pl.plot(Xsaved, 'x-',label = 'Xsaved')
#    f1 = pl.legend()
#    
#    f2 = pl.subplot(122)
#    f2 = pl.title('Kalman Velocity')
#    f2 = pl.plot(Zsaved, 'o-', color = 'brown',label = 'Zsaved')
#    f2 = pl.legend()
#    
#    pl.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':  
    TestDvKalman()

我添加了一些print行来跟踪和调试代码,并添加了新的变量newM,这在代码中不存在。矩阵打印正确This is self.H*self.xp [[ 2.]] and this is self.z = from GetPos.__repr__ z=[[0]]两个矩阵都是1x1,但我还是收到一个错误,不知道为什么。错误是:

^{pr2}$

我怀疑我在某个地方弄错了打字,但不知道在哪里以及如何更正它。你能告诉我错误在哪里,以及如何构建这样的代码以避免将来出现类似的错误?在


Tags: fromselfdef错误np矩阵callmatrix
3条回答

newM2 = self.z - self.H*self.xp替换为newM2 = self.z() - self.H*self.xp。在

程序应该可以用它(但我不能确定它是否真的想要你想要的)

TestDvKalman中,这行

    z = GetPos()

z设置为GetPos的实例。您可以将此作为kal的参数:

^{pr2}$

因此,DvKalman__call__方法给出了GetPos的一个实例,保存为self.z。这将导致以下行的错误:

    newM2 = self.z - self.H*self.xp

您正在将GetPos实例传递给DvKalman__call__方法。因此,您正在尝试减去一个GetPos实例和一个矩阵。不是矩阵和矩阵。在

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