如何在R中编写trycatch

2024-06-28 19:22:16 发布

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我想编写trycatch代码来处理从web下载时出现的错误。

url <- c(
    "http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/connections.html",
    "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz")
y <- mapply(readLines, con=url)

这两个语句运行成功。下面,我创建一个不存在的网址:

url <- c("xxxxx", "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz")

url[1]不存在。如何编写trycatch循环(函数),以便:

  1. 当URL错误时,输出为:“web URL错误,无法获取”。
  2. 当URL错误时,代码不会停止,而是继续下载,直到URL列表结束?

Tags: 代码orgwebhttpurlhtml错误wiki
3条回答

R使用函数实现try catch块:

语法有点像这样:

result = tryCatch({
    expr
}, warning = function(warning_condition) {
    warning-handler-code
}, error = function(error_condition) {
    error-handler-code
}, finally={
    cleanup-code
})

在tryCatch()中,有两个“条件”可以处理:“警告”和“错误”。在编写每个代码块时,要理解的重要一点是执行状态和范围。 @source

tryCatch有一个稍微复杂的语法结构。但是,一旦我们理解了构成完整tryCatch调用的4个部分,就很容易记住:

expr:[需要评估的]R代码

错误:[可选]在计算expr中的代码时,如果发生错误,应运行什么

警告:[可选]在计算expr中的代码时,如果出现警告,应运行什么

最后:[可选的]退出tryCatch调用之前应该运行什么,而不管expr是否成功运行、是否有错误或警告

tryCatch(
    expr = {
        # Your code...
        # goes here...
        # ...
    },
    error = function(e){ 
        # (Optional)
        # Do this if an error is caught...
    },
    warning = function(w){
        # (Optional)
        # Do this if an warning is caught...
    },
    finally = {
        # (Optional)
        # Do this at the end before quitting the tryCatch structure...
    }
)

因此,一个玩具示例,计算一个值的日志可能看起来像:

log_calculator <- function(x){
    tryCatch(
        expr = {
            message(log(x))
            message("Successfully executed the log(x) call.")
        },
        error = function(e){
            message('Caught an error!')
            print(e)
        },
        warning = function(w){
            message('Caught an warning!')
            print(w)
        },
        finally = {
            message('All done, quitting.')
        }
    )    
}

现在,运行三个案例:

有效案例

log_calculator(10)
# 2.30258509299405
# Successfully executed the log(x) call.
# All done, quitting.

一个“警告”案例

log_calculator(-10)
# Caught an warning!
# <simpleWarning in log(x): NaNs produced>
# All done, quitting.

一个“错误”案例

log_calculator("log_me")
# Caught an error!
# <simpleError in log(x): non-numeric argument to mathematical function>
# All done, quitting.

我写了一些我经常使用的有用的用例。在此处查找更多详细信息:https://rsangole.netlify.com/post/try-catch/

希望这对你有帮助。

那么:欢迎来到R世界;-)

给你

设置代码

urls <- c(
    "http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/connections.html",
    "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz",
    "xxxxx"
)
readUrl <- function(url) {
    out <- tryCatch(
        {
            # Just to highlight: if you want to use more than one 
            # R expression in the "try" part then you'll have to 
            # use curly brackets.
            # 'tryCatch()' will return the last evaluated expression 
            # in case the "try" part was completed successfully

            message("This is the 'try' part")

            readLines(con=url, warn=FALSE) 
            # The return value of `readLines()` is the actual value 
            # that will be returned in case there is no condition 
            # (e.g. warning or error). 
            # You don't need to state the return value via `return()` as code 
            # in the "try" part is not wrapped insided a function (unlike that
            # for the condition handlers for warnings and error below)
        },
        error=function(cond) {
            message(paste("URL does not seem to exist:", url))
            message("Here's the original error message:")
            message(cond)
            # Choose a return value in case of error
            return(NA)
        },
        warning=function(cond) {
            message(paste("URL caused a warning:", url))
            message("Here's the original warning message:")
            message(cond)
            # Choose a return value in case of warning
            return(NULL)
        },
        finally={
        # NOTE:
        # Here goes everything that should be executed at the end,
        # regardless of success or error.
        # If you want more than one expression to be executed, then you 
        # need to wrap them in curly brackets ({...}); otherwise you could
        # just have written 'finally=<expression>' 
            message(paste("Processed URL:", url))
            message("Some other message at the end")
        }
    )    
    return(out)
}

应用代码

> y <- lapply(urls, readUrl)
Processed URL: http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-devel/library/base/html/connections.html
Some other message at the end
Processed URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xz
Some other message at the end
URL does not seem to exist: xxxxx
Here's the original error message:
cannot open the connection
Processed URL: xxxxx
Some other message at the end
Warning message:
In file(con, "r") : cannot open file 'xxxxx': No such file or directory

调查输出

> head(y[[1]])
[1] "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">"      
[2] "<html><head><title>R: Functions to Manipulate Connections</title>"      
[3] "<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\">"
[4] "<link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"R.css\">"             
[5] "</head><body>"                                                          
[6] ""    

> length(y)
[1] 3

> y[[3]]
[1] NA

附加说明

尝试匹配

tryCatch返回与执行expr相关联的值,除非有错误或警告。在这种情况下,可以通过提供相应的处理函数(参见?tryCatch中的参数errorwarning)来指定特定的返回值(参见上面的return(NA))。这些函数可以是已经存在的函数,但是您也可以在tryCatch()中定义它们(如我在上面所做的)。

选择处理函数的特定返回值的含义

由于我们已经指定在出错时返回NA,所以y中的第三个元素是NA。如果我们选择NULL作为返回值,那么y的长度应该是2,而不是3,因为lapply()只会“忽略”返回值NULL。还要注意,如果不通过return()指定显式返回值,则处理程序函数将返回NULL(即,在出现错误或警告条件的情况下)。

“意外”警告消息

由于warn=FALSE似乎没有任何效果,所以抑制警告的另一种方法是使用

suppressWarnings(readLines(con=url))

而不是

readLines(con=url, warn=FALSE)

多个表达式

请注意,如果您将多个表达式用花括号括起来(就像我在finally部分中所示),则还可以将它们放在“实际表达式部分”(参数exprtryCatch())中。

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