Pandas索引列标题或nam

Question

如何获取python pandas中的索引列名？下面是一个示例数据帧：

             Column 1
Index Title          
Apples              1
Oranges             2
Puppies             3
Ducks               4  

我要做的是获取/设置数据帧索引标题。我试过的是：

import pandas as pd
data = {'Column 1'     : [1., 2., 3., 4.],
        'Index Title'  : ["Apples", "Oranges", "Puppies", "Ducks"]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df.index = df["Index Title"]
del df["Index Title"]
print df

有人知道怎么做吗？

Answer 1

您可以通过其name属性获取/设置索引

In [7]: df.index.name
Out[7]: 'Index Title'

In [8]: df.index.name = 'foo'

In [9]: df.index.name
Out[9]: 'foo'

In [10]: df
Out[10]: 
         Column 1
foo              
Apples          1
Oranges         2
Puppies         3
Ducks           4

Answer 2

df.index.name应该能做到。

Python有一个dir函数，让我们查询对象属性。dir(df.index)在这里很有帮助。

Answer 3

您可以使用^{}，删除设置为None：

d = {'Index Title': ['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Puppies', 'Ducks'],'Column 1': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d).set_index('Index Title')
print (df)
             Column 1
Index Title          
Apples            1.0
Oranges           2.0
Puppies           3.0
Ducks             4.0

print (df.index.name)
Index Title

print (df.columns.name)
None

---

新功能在方法链中运行良好。

df = df.rename_axis('foo')
print (df)
         Column 1
foo              
Apples        1.0
Oranges       2.0
Puppies       3.0
Ducks         4.0

还可以使用参数axis重命名列名：

d = {'Index Title': ['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Puppies', 'Ducks'],'Column 1': [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0]}
df = pd.DataFrame(d).set_index('Index Title').rename_axis('Col Name', axis=1)
print (df)
Col Name     Column 1
Index Title          
Apples            1.0
Oranges           2.0
Puppies           3.0
Ducks             4.0

print (df.index.name)
Index Title

print (df.columns.name)
Col Name

print df.rename_axis('foo').rename_axis("bar", axis="columns")
bar      Column 1
foo              
Apples        1.0
Oranges       2.0
Puppies       3.0
Ducks         4.0

print df.rename_axis('foo').rename_axis("bar", axis=1)
bar      Column 1
foo              
Apples        1.0
Oranges       2.0
Puppies       3.0
Ducks         4.0

从版本pandas 0.24.0+可以使用参数index和columns：

df = df.rename_axis(index='foo', columns="bar")
print (df)
bar      Column 1
foo              
Apples        1.0
Oranges       2.0
Puppies       3.0
Ducks         4.0

删除索引和列名称意味着将其设置为None：

df = df.rename_axis(index=None, columns=None)
print (df)
         Column 1
Apples        1.0
Oranges       2.0
Puppies       3.0
Ducks         4.0

---

如果MultiIndex仅在索引中：

mux = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Puppies', 'Ducks'],
                                  list('abcd')], 
                                  names=['index name 1','index name 1'])


df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(10, size=(4,6)), 
                  index=mux, 
                  columns=list('ABCDEF')).rename_axis('col name', axis=1)
print (df)
col name                   A  B  C  D  E  F
index name 1 index name 1                  
Apples       a             5  4  0  5  2  2
Oranges      b             5  8  2  5  9  9
Puppies      c             7  6  0  7  8  3
Ducks        d             6  5  0  1  6  0

---

print (df.index.name)
None

print (df.columns.name)
col name

print (df.index.names)
['index name 1', 'index name 1']

print (df.columns.names)
['col name']

---

df1 = df.rename_axis(('foo','bar'))
print (df1)
col name     A  B  C  D  E  F
foo     bar                  
Apples  a    5  4  0  5  2  2
Oranges b    5  8  2  5  9  9
Puppies c    7  6  0  7  8  3
Ducks   d    6  5  0  1  6  0

df2 = df.rename_axis('baz', axis=1)
print (df2)
baz                        A  B  C  D  E  F
index name 1 index name 1                  
Apples       a             5  4  0  5  2  2
Oranges      b             5  8  2  5  9  9
Puppies      c             7  6  0  7  8  3
Ducks        d             6  5  0  1  6  0

df2 = df.rename_axis(index=('foo','bar'), columns='baz')
print (df2)
baz          A  B  C  D  E  F
foo     bar                  
Apples  a    5  4  0  5  2  2
Oranges b    5  8  2  5  9  9
Puppies c    7  6  0  7  8  3
Ducks   d    6  5  0  1  6  0

删除索引和列名称意味着将其设置为None：

df2 = df.rename_axis(index=(None,None), columns=None)
print (df2)

           A  B  C  D  E  F
Apples  a  6  9  9  5  4  6
Oranges b  2  6  7  4  3  5
Puppies c  6  3  6  3  5  1
Ducks   d  4  9  1  3  0  5

---

对于索引和列中的MultiIndex，必须使用.names，而不是.name，并按列表或元组设置：

mux1 = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays([['Apples', 'Oranges', 'Puppies', 'Ducks'],
                                  list('abcd')], 
                                  names=['index name 1','index name 1'])


mux2 = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([list('ABC'),
                                  list('XY')], 
                                  names=['col name 1','col name 2'])

df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(10, size=(4,6)), index=mux1, columns=mux2)
print (df)
col name 1                 A     B     C   
col name 2                 X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
index name 1 index name 1                  
Apples       a             2  9  4  7  0  3
Oranges      b             9  0  6  0  9  4
Puppies      c             2  4  6  1  4  4
Ducks        d             6  6  7  1  2  8

检查/设置值需要复数：

print (df.index.name)
None

print (df.columns.name)
None

print (df.index.names)
['index name 1', 'index name 1']

print (df.columns.names)
['col name 1', 'col name 2']

---

df1 = df.rename_axis(('foo','bar'))
print (df1)
col name 1   A     B     C   
col name 2   X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
foo     bar                  
Apples  a    2  9  4  7  0  3
Oranges b    9  0  6  0  9  4
Puppies c    2  4  6  1  4  4
Ducks   d    6  6  7  1  2  8

df2 = df.rename_axis(('baz','bak'), axis=1)
print (df2)
baz                        A     B     C   
bak                        X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
index name 1 index name 1                  
Apples       a             2  9  4  7  0  3
Oranges      b             9  0  6  0  9  4
Puppies      c             2  4  6  1  4  4
Ducks        d             6  6  7  1  2  8

df2 = df.rename_axis(index=('foo','bar'), columns=('baz','bak'))
print (df2)
baz          A     B     C   
bak          X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
foo     bar                  
Apples  a    2  9  4  7  0  3
Oranges b    9  0  6  0  9  4
Puppies c    2  4  6  1  4  4
Ducks   d    6  6  7  1  2  8

删除索引和列名称意味着将其设置为None：

df2 = df.rename_axis(index=(None,None), columns=(None,None))
print (df2)

           A     B     C   
           X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
Apples  a  2  0  2  5  2  0
Oranges b  1  7  5  5  4  8
Puppies c  2  4  6  3  6  5
Ducks   d  9  6  3  9  7  0

以及@Jeff解决方案：

df.index.names = ['foo','bar']
df.columns.names = ['baz','bak']
print (df)

baz          A     B     C   
bak          X  Y  X  Y  X  Y
foo     bar                  
Apples  a    3  4  7  3  3  3
Oranges b    1  2  5  8  1  0
Puppies c    9  6  3  9  6  3
Ducks   d    3  2  1  0  1  0