如何在python中对数据帧进行切片，并以列表的形式将其与数据帧分离

Question

我是python新手。 我有一个数据框，有105120行和33列，如下所示：

          n1     n4    n31    n54   n105   n114   n163   n188  ...   n636   n644   n679   n722   n726   n740   n752   n769
0       28.92  33.87  37.13  37.13  50.52  53.99  52.56  55.32  ...  45.53  47.62  47.33  46.14  47.12  43.81  49.17  48.50   
1       28.94  33.89  37.16  37.23  50.60  54.09  52.67  55.42  ...  45.61  47.71  47.39  46.19  47.17  43.83  49.22  48.54   
2       28.96  33.91  37.18  37.21  50.57  54.05  52.64  55.39  ...  45.61  47.71  47.41  46.20  47.19  43.84  49.24  48.56   
3       28.98  33.93  37.19  37.27  50.60  54.08  52.70  55.45  ...  45.65  47.75  47.43  46.21  47.21  43.84  49.26  48.57   
4       28.98  33.93  37.19  37.14  50.53  54.00  52.57  55.32  ...  45.54  47.64  47.34  46.15  47.13  43.81  49.17  48.50   
...       ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...  ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...    ...   
105115  28.55  33.61  36.93  36.88  50.42  53.88  52.34  55.09  ...  45.34  47.40  47.12  45.98  46.90  43.73  48.94  48.33   
105116  28.56  33.61  36.94  36.82  50.38  53.82  52.28  55.03  ...  45.31  47.37  47.11  45.97  46.89  43.72  48.93  48.33   
105117  28.58  33.64  36.96  36.90  50.43  53.88  52.35  55.11  ...  45.36  47.44  47.16  46.01  46.95  43.74  48.98  48.36   
105118  28.58  33.64  36.96  36.85  50.40  53.86  52.31  55.06  ...  45.31  47.37  47.10  45.97  46.89  43.73  48.93  48.32   
105119  28.63  33.68  36.99  37.00  50.49  53.96  52.45  55.20  ...  45.44  47.51  47.22  46.06  47.01  43.77  49.05  48.42   

[105120 rows x 33 columns]

我想将每一行从数据帧中分离出来，每一行都将以列表的形式表示。 例如，与数据帧分离的第一行将按如下方式重新补偿：

[28.92, 33.87, 37.13, 37.13, 50.52, 53.99, 52.56, 55.32, 39.09, 52.53, 52.81, 42.45, 56.43, 46.75, 31.07, 45.62, 36.79, 43.52, 47.54, 51.7,  53.54, 54.85, 47.58, 54.8,  56.16, 45.53, 47.62, 47.33, 46.14, 47.12, 43.81, 49.17, 48.5]

然后，将使用列表形式表示的每一行与第一行进行比较（查找每一行中相同位置的元素与第一行之间的差异）

你能告诉我如何做到这两件事吗？ 提前谢谢

Answer 1

输入数据：

>>> df
       0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9
0  72.76  47.54  57.37  40.03  75.24  46.05  51.76  33.94  56.97  78.77
1  52.54  79.47  42.52  31.36  40.38  47.65  34.89  57.98  40.27  59.65
2  72.61  48.26  35.68  43.54  32.07  60.47  71.90  85.41  40.66  48.70
3  62.56  72.92  50.90  38.44  48.64  47.35  69.55  65.00  30.74  63.12
4  27.59  45.57  55.75  66.59  60.69  60.99  49.23  45.16  33.03  29.38

第一行与其他行之间的差异：

>>> df - df.iloc[0]
       0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9
0   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00   0.00
1 -20.22  31.93 -14.85  -8.67 -34.86   1.60 -16.87  24.04 -16.70 -19.12
2  -0.15   0.72 -21.69   3.51 -43.17  14.42  20.14  51.47 -16.31 -30.07
3 -10.20  25.38  -6.47  -1.59 -26.60   1.30  17.79  31.06 -26.23 -15.65
4 -45.17  -1.97  -1.62  26.56 -14.55  14.94  -2.53  11.22 -23.94 -49.39

转换为列表：

>>> df.values.tolist()
[[72.76, 47.54, 57.37, 40.03, 75.24, 46.05, 51.76, 33.94, 56.97, 78.77],
 [52.54, 79.47, 42.52, 31.36, 40.38, 47.65, 34.89, 57.98, 40.27, 59.65],
 [72.61, 48.26, 35.68, 43.54, 32.07, 60.47, 71.9, 85.41, 40.66, 48.7],
 [62.56, 72.92, 50.9, 38.44, 48.64, 47.35, 69.55, 65.0, 30.74, 63.12],
 [27.59, 45.57, 55.75, 66.59, 60.69, 60.99, 49.23, 45.16, 33.03, 29.38]]

差异作为列表：df.sub(df.iloc[0]).values.tolist()

更新

if each row would be compared with a list that is not the row in the DataFrame. How should do it?

l = [55.89, 43.93, 32.39, 28.36, 39.98, 66.26, 51.56, 48.34, 37.33, 60.15]

>>> df - l
       0      1      2      3      4      5      6      7      8      9
0  16.87   3.61  24.98  11.67  35.26 -20.21   0.20 -14.40  19.64  18.62
1  -3.35  35.54  10.13   3.00   0.40 -18.61 -16.67   9.64   2.94  -0.50
2  16.72   4.33   3.29  15.18  -7.91  -5.79  20.34  37.07   3.33 -11.45
3   6.67  28.99  18.51  10.08   8.66 -18.91  17.99  16.66  -6.59   2.97
4 -28.30   1.64  23.36  38.23  20.71  -5.27  -2.33  -3.18  -4.30 -30.77