连接Djangorestframework后在Django中运行服务器时出错

Question

这个错误发生在将rest_框架（pip install djangorestframework）添加到项目中之后，但我不知道这个框架中的原因

我认为，错误日志对我来说信息不足。如果需要共享任何文件，请告诉我

注意：我是django web api的新手，所以您的任何建议都是有价值的

先谢谢你

Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Exception in thread django-main-thread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\threading.py", line 932, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\threading.py", line 870, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 110, in inner_run
    autoreload.raise_last_exception()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 76, in raise_last_exception
    raise _exception[1]
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    autoreload.check_errors(django.setup)()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 53, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 24, in setup      
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 90, in create  
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module        
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 973, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rest_framework'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 395, in execute
    self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)   
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 330, in run_from_argv
    self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 61, in execute
    super().execute(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 371, in execute
    output = self.handle(*args, **options)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 96, in handle
    self.run(**options)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 103, in run
    autoreload.run_with_reloader(self.inner_run, **options)   
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 618, in run_with_reloader
    start_django(reloader, main_func, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 603, in start_django
    reloader.run(django_main_thread)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 318, in run
    self.run_loop()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 324, in run_loop
    next(ticker)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 364, in tick
    for filepath, mtime in self.snapshot_files():
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 380, in snapshot_files
    for file in self.watched_files():
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 278, in watched_files
    yield from iter_all_python_module_files()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 105, in iter_all_python_module_files
    return iter_modules_and_files(modules, frozenset(_error_files))
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 141, in iter_modules_and_files
    resolved_path = path.resolve(strict=True).absolute()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\pathlib.py", line 1172, in resolve    
    s = self._flavour.resolve(self, strict=strict)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\pathlib.py", line 200, in resolve     
    return self._ext_to_normal(_getfinalpathname(s))
OSError: [WinError 123] The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect: '<frozen importlib._bootstrap>'

这是settings.py

"""
Django settings for backend project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path
from datetime import date
import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = "9gr-03(+aq_#w-2j2*#wge200^#)&td$0w$q3vtonq1m^zdl63"

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework',
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
    "tsundoku",
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

ROOT_URLCONF = "backend.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'frontend/Tsundoku/src/'),
        ],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "backend.wsgi.application"


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "UTC"

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# MEDIA_URL this is for displaying image in browser ex. http://localhost:8000/images/d14f96e4b0e94973b151ea8097e28c01.jpg
MEDIA_URL = '/images/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'frontend/Tsundoku/src/static'),
)
# MEDIA_ROOT this is the directory where the images will be saved
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(
    BASE_DIR, f'static/images/')
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(BASE_DIR), "static/")


REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
    'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

项目->；url.py

"""backend URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf import settings
from django.urls import path, include
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.views.generic import TemplateView

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('tsundoku.urls')),
    path('', TemplateView.as_view(template_name='index.html'))
]

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL,
                          document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

序列化程序.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from .model import Books
from rest_framework import serializers


class BooksSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Books
        fields = ('name', 'writer', 'description')


class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['url', 'username', 'email', 'groups']


class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ['url', 'name']

型号.py

from django.db import models
import uuid
from datetime import date
import static
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group

# Create your models here.


class Categories(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Writers(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=False,
                            verbose_name="Writer name")

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


def image_name(instance, filename):
    new_name = uuid.uuid4().hex
    filebase, extension = filename.split(".")
    return f"{date.today().year}/{date.today().month}/{date.today().day}/{new_name}.{extension}"


class Books(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(
        max_length=100, verbose_name="Book Name", blank=False)
    description = models.CharField(
        max_length=500, verbose_name="Book Description", blank=False
    )
    writer = models.ForeignKey(Writers, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    write_date = models.CharField(
        max_length=4, verbose_name="Date", blank=False)
    active = models.BooleanField(default="False", blank=False)
    in_stock = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=False)
    category = models.ForeignKey(Categories, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    image = models.ImageField(
        upload_to=image_name,
        blank=True,
        default="default_book.jpg",
    )
    pages = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=True, default=0)
    price = models.PositiveIntegerField(blank=False)
    currency = models.CharField(default="AZN", max_length=10)
    create_date = models.DateField(auto_now=False, auto_now_add=True)
    last_edit_date = models.DateField(auto_now=True, auto_now_add=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Users(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    first_name = models.CharField(
        verbose_name="First Name", max_length=25, blank=False)
    last_name = models.CharField(
        verbose_name="Last Name", max_length=25, blank=False)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=250, blank=False)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=False)
    active = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.first_name


class UserBook(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(Users, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    book = models.ForeignKey(Books, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.book.name


class UserAdress(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(Users, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=False)
    postal_code = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=False)
    description = models.CharField(max_length=250, blank=True)
    longitude = models.DecimalField(
        max_digits=22, decimal_places=16, blank=True, null=True
    )
    latitude = models.DecimalField(
        max_digits=22, decimal_places=16, blank=True, null=True
    )


class Orders(models.Model):
    user_adress = models.ForeignKey(UserAdress, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    book = models.ForeignKey(Books, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

djangorestframework已安装

$ pip install djangorestframework
Requirement already satisfied: djangorestframework in c:\users\fuadt\onedrive\desktop\python\tsundoku\backend\tsundoku_venv\lib\site-packages (3.12.2)
Requirement already satisfied: django>=2.2 in c:\users\fuadt\onedrive\desktop\python\tsundoku\backend\tsundoku_venv\lib\site-packages (from 
djangorestframework) (3.1.5)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in c:\users\fuadt\onedrive\desktop\python\tsundoku\backend\tsundoku_venv\lib\site-packages (from django>=2.2->djangorestframework) (2020.5)
Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in c:\users\fuadt\onedrive\desktop\python\tsundoku\backend\tsundoku_venv\lib\site-packages (from django>=2.2->djangorestframework) (0.4.1)
Requirement already satisfied: asgiref<4,>=3.2.10 in c:\users\fuadt\onedrive\desktop\python\tsundoku\backend\tsundoku_venv\lib\site-packages (from django>=2.2->djangorestframework) (3.3.1)
(tsundoku_venv) 

但它也给出了一个与rest\u框架相关的错误

$ python manage.py makemigrations
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 18, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 401, in execute_from_command_line    
    utility.execute()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 377, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py", line 
24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\registry.py", 
line 91, in populate
    app_config = AppConfig.create(entry)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\django\apps\config.py", line 90, in create
    module = import_module(entry)
  File "C:\Users\fuadt\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in 
_find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 973, in 
_find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'rest_framework'

Answer 1

这并不能解决我的问题，但我也犯了这样的错误，导致了几乎相同的问题。在开发过程中，我使用多个终端并在第一次运行venv之前打开它们，因此这会导致几乎相同的问题。在@Matt的回答之后，我重新体验了这一点。所以在这种情况下要小心。耐心点，长寿

注意：Wan再次提到，我无法解决此问题，只是回滚到工作提交，重新安装了venv，然后重新执行所有操作。工作起来很有魅力

Answer 2

确保在INSTALLED_APPS中设置了rest_framework

settings.py：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'rest_framework',
]