将数据帧的索引拆分为单独的列

Question

我有一个从字典创建的数据框架，代码如下：

import pandas as pd
pd.set_option('max_colwidth', 150)

df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data, orient= 'index', columns = ['text'])
df

结果如下：

                                            text
./form/2003Q4/0001041379_2003-12-15.html    \n10-K\n1\ng86024e10vk.htm\nAFC ENTERPRISES\n\n\n\nAFC ENTERPRISES\n\n\n\nTable of Contents\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE\n...
./form/2007Q2/0001303804_2007-04-17.html    \n10-K\n1\na07-6053_210k.htm\nANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 AND 15(D)\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   \nUNITED\nSTATES\nSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE\nCOMMISSION...
./form/2007Q2/0001349848_2007-04-02.html    \n10-K\n1\nff060310k.txt\n\n UNITED STATES\n SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION\n ...
./form/2014Q1/0001141807_2014-03-31.html    \n10-K\n1\nf32414010k.htm\nFOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013\n\n\n\nf32414010k.htm\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nUNITED STATES\nSECURITIES AND EX...
./form/2007Q2/0001341853_2007-04-02.html    \n10-K\n1\na07-9697_110k.htm\n10-K\n\n\n\n\n\n\n   \n \nUNITED STATES\nSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION\nWashington, D.C. 20549\n \nFORM 10-K\n ...

我需要将第一列（索引）分为三个单独的列，年份和年份；Qtr、CIK、归档数据。因此，第一行中这些列中的值应该是：2003Q4，00010413792003-12-15

我认为，如果这是在一个适当的列中，我可以使用类似于示例2的代码来实现这一点：

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-pandas-split-strings-into-two-list-columns-using-str-split/

然而，我感到困惑的是，我需要拆分的是索引，而不是命名列

有没有办法分开索引，或者我是否需要以某种方式将其保存为另一列，这是否可行

我非常感谢你的帮助。我是个新手，所以我并不总是理解更难的解决方案。提前谢谢

Answer 1

列是索引这一事实在从中提取组件时没有什么区别，但在将这些组件分配回原始数据帧时需要小心

# Extract the components from the index
# pandas allowed us to name the columns via named captured groups
pattern = r'(?P<Quarter>\d{4}Q\d)\/(?P<CIK>\d+)_(?P<Year>\d{4})-(?P<Month>\d{2})-(?P<Day>\d{2})'
tmp = df.index.str.extract(pattern) \
        .assign(Date=lambda x: pd.to_datetime(x[['Year', 'Month', 'Day']]))

# Since `df` and `tmp` are both dataframe, assignments between them
# will be based row label. We want them to align by position (i.e. 
# line 1 to line 1) so we have to convert the right hand side to
# numpy array
cols = ['Quarter', 'CIK', 'Date']
df[cols] =  tmp[cols].values