Python：如何检查字符串是否包含列表中的元素并显示该元素？

Question

我有一个句子列表（exg）和一个水果名列表（fruit\u list）。我有一个代码来检查句子是否包含水果列表中的元素，如下所示：

exg = ["I love apple.", "there are lots of health benefits of apple.", 
       "apple is especially hight in Vitamin C,", "alos provide Vitamin A as a powerful antioxidant!"]


fruit_list = ["pear", "banana", "mongo", "blueberry", "kiwi", "apple", "orange"]

for j in range(0, len(exg)):
    sentence = exg[j]
    if any(word in sentence for word in fruit_list):
        print(sentence)

输出如下：只有句子包含“apple”的单词

I love apple.
there are lots of health benefits of apple.
apple is especially hight in Vitamin C,

但是我想打印出哪个单词是水果列表中的一个元素，哪个单词是在句子中找到的。在这个例子中，我希望输出一个单词“apple”，而不是包含单词apple的句子。你知道吗

希望这有意义。请给我帮助，非常感谢！你知道吗

Answer 1

这就行了。你知道吗

for j in range(0, len(fruit_list)):
fruit = fruit_list[j]
if any(fruit in sentence for sentence in exg):
    print(fruit)

Answer 2

尝试使用in来检查word in fruit_list，然后您可以稍后使用fruit作为变量。你知道吗

为了找出找到的单词，您需要使用不同于any()的方法。any()它只关心是否能在fruit_list中找到word。它不关心在列表中的哪个word或在哪里找到它。你知道吗

exg = ["I love apple.", "there are lots of health benefits of apple.", 
   "apple is especially hight in Vitamin C,", "alos provide Vitamin A as a powerful antioxidant!"]


fruit_list = ["pear", "banana", "mongo", "blueberry", "kiwi", "apple", "orange"]

# You can remove the 0 from range, because it starts at 0 by default
# You can also loop through sentence directly
for sentence in exg:
    for word in fruit_list:
        if(word in sentence):
            print("Found word:", word, "  in:", sentence)

结果：

Found word: apple  in: I love apple.
Found word: apple  in: there are lots of health benefits of apple.
Found word: apple  in: apple is especially hight in Vitamin C,

Answer 3

您可以将for子句与break一起使用，而不是将any与生成器表达式一起使用：

for j in range(0, len(exg)):
    sentence = exg[j]
    for word in fruit_list:
        if word in sentence:
            print(f'{word}: {sentence}')
            break

结果：

apple: I love apple.
apple: there are lots of health benefits of apple.
apple: apple is especially hight in Vitamin C,

更惯用的方法是迭代列表而不是索引范围：

for sentence in exg:
    for word in fruit_list:
        if word in sentence:
            print(f'{word}: {sentence}')
            break