如何在Django中发布一个空的ForeignKey字段？

Question

我对这个还不太熟悉。我有一个应用程序，基本上是一个签入/签出的形式。表单有3个字段，其中两个是必需的，一个是可选的。“区域”中的一个必填字段和唯一不必填写的字段是“站点”，因为不是每个区域都有一个站点，所以有时无法从站点中进行选择。如果您填写了所有3个字段，它目前可以正常工作，但如果站点是空的，即使该区域没有站点，也不行。你知道吗

我得到这个错误： ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

我很肯定问题出在我自己身上视图.py，因为它发生在两个动作上，但我不确定它到底是什么。这些if语句的要点是：

如果一个人进入一个区域后忘记离开，然后进入另一个区域，程序将创建一个新条目，并且在该人离开新区域后不会触碰上一个区域条目（一个人可以多次进入和离开同一区域/站点），因此当他们离开时，最近的条目将是唯一被修改的条目。对于leave area来说，这是一个类似的概念，我添加的很多过滤器都是这样的，这样以前的条目就不会被修改，因为.update（）是对过滤器之后留下的所有内容的大规模更新，而不仅仅是最近的。你知道吗

型号.py

class WorkArea(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class StationNumber(models.Model):
    work_area = models.ForeignKey(WorkArea, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class EmployeeWorkAreaLog(models.Model):
    employee_number = models.IntegerField(max_length=50, help_text="Employee #", blank=False)
    work_area = models.ForeignKey(WorkArea, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, blank=False, help_text="Work Area", related_name="work_area")
    station_number = models.ForeignKey(StationNumber, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, null=True, help_text="Station", related_name="stations", blank=True)
    time_in = models.DateTimeField(help_text="Time in", null=True, blank=True)
    time_out = models.DateTimeField(blank=True, help_text="Time out", null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.employee_number

表单.py

class WarehouseForm(AppsModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = EmployeeWorkAreaLog
        fields = ('employee_number', 'work_area', 'station_number')

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.fields['station_number'].queryset = StationNumber.objects.none()

        if 'work_area' in self.data:
            try:
                work_area_id = int(self.data.get('work_area'))
                self.fields['station_number'].queryset = StationNumber.objects.filter(work_area_id=work_area_id).order_by('name')
            except (ValueError, TypeError):
                pass
        elif self.instance.pk:
            self.fields['station_number'].queryset = self.instance.work_area.stations.order_by('name')

视图.py

class EnterExitArea(CreateView):
    model = EmployeeWorkAreaLog
    template_name = "operations/enter_exit_area.html"
    form_class = WarehouseForm

    def form_valid(self, form):
        emp_num = self.request.POST['employee_number']
        area = self.request.POST['work_area']
        station = self.request.POST['station_number']

        if 'enter_area' in self.request.POST:
            form.save()
            if EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(Q(employee_number=emp_num) & Q(work_area=area) & Q(time_out__isnull=True) & Q(time_in__isnull=True)).filter(Q(station_number=station) | Q(station_number__isnull=True)):
                EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(Q(employee_number=emp_num) & Q(work_area=area) & Q(time_out__isnull=True) & Q(time_in__isnull=True)).update(time_in=datetime.now())

            return HttpResponseRedirect(self.request.path_info)

        elif 'leave_area' in self.request.POST:
            if EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(employee_number=emp_num, work_area=area, station_number=station, time_out__isnull=True):
                recent = EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(employee_number=emp_num, work_area=area, station_number=station, time_out__isnull=True).latest('time_in').time_in
                EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(employee_number=emp_num, work_area=area, station_number=station, time_out__isnull=True, time_in=recent).update(time_out=datetime.now())
                return HttpResponseRedirect(self.request.path_info)

            form.save()
            EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(employee_number=emp_num, work_area=area, station_number=station).update(time_out=datetime.now())
            return HttpResponseRedirect(self.request.path_info)


def load_stations(request):
    work_area_id = request.GET.get('work_area')
    stations = StationNumber.objects.filter(work_area_id=work_area_id).order_by('name')
    return render(request, 'operations/station_number_dropdown_options.html', {'stations': stations})

回溯

Internal Server Error: /operations/enter-exit-area/
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 34, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 124, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 68, in view
    return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py", line 88, in dispatch
    return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py", line 172, in post
    return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py", line 142, in post
    return self.form_valid(form)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\apps.rsrgroup.com\apps\operations\views.py", line 24, in form_valid
    if EmployeeWorkAreaLog.objects.filter(Q(employee_number=emp_num) & Q(work_area=area) & Q(time_out__isnull=True) & Q(time_in__isnull=True)).filter(Q(station_number=station) | Q(station_number=None)):
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 844, in filter
    return self._filter_or_exclude(False, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 862, in _filter_or_exclude
    clone.query.add_q(Q(*args, **kwargs))
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1263, in add_q
    clause, _ = self._add_q(q_object, self.used_aliases)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1281, in _add_q
    current_negated, allow_joins, split_subq)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1287, in _add_q
    split_subq=split_subq,
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1225, in build_filter
    condition = self.build_lookup(lookups, col, value)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\query.py", line 1096, in build_lookup
    lookup = lookup_class(lhs, rhs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\lookups.py", line 20, in __init__
    self.rhs = self.get_prep_lookup()
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\related_lookups.py", line 115, in get_prep_lookup
    self.rhs = target_field.get_prep_value(self.rhs)
  File "C:\Users\mkusneco\appsve\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields\__init__.py", line 965, in get_prep_value
    return int(value)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
[25/Oct/2019 11:21:47] "POST /operations/enter-exit-area/ HTTP/1.1" 500 172567

Answer 1

你有一个表单，但你忽略了它。表单将有助于将所有原始发布的数据转换为相关类型，特别是它将把您为station_number获得的整数ID转换为StationNumber的实际实例。但是，您并没有使用表单的已清理数据，而是返回原始POST。别那么做。你知道吗

应该是：

    def form_valid(self, form):
        emp_num = form.cleaned_data['employee_number']
        area = form.cleaned_data['work_area']
        station = form.cleaned_data['station_number']
        ...