在pandas数据框架中展开嵌套Json

2024-09-28 22:21:55 发布

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我正在尝试将json文件加载到pandas数据帧。 我发现有一些嵌套的json。 下面是示例json:

{'events': [{'id': 142896214,
   'playerId': 37831,
   'teamId': 3157,
   'matchId': 2214569,
   'matchPeriod': '1H',
   'eventSec': 0.8935539999999946,
   'eventId': 8,
   'eventName': 'Pass',
   'subEventId': 85,
   'subEventName': 'Simple pass',
   'positions': [{'x': 51, 'y': 49}, {'x': 40, 'y': 53}],
   'tags': [{'id': 1801, 'tag': {'label': 'accurate'}}]}

我使用以下代码将json加载到dataframe中:

with open('EVENTS.json') as f:
    jsonstr = json.load(f)

df = pd.io.json.json_normalize(jsonstr['events'])

下面是df.head()的输出

output of df

Here is the output

但是我发现了两个嵌套的列,比如positions和tags。

我试着用下面的代码来压平它:

Position_data = json_normalize(data =jsonstr['events'], record_path='positions', meta = ['x','y','x','y'] )

它告诉我一个错误如下:

KeyError: "Try running with errors='ignore' as key 'x' is not always present"

你能告诉我如何平展位置和标签(那些有嵌套数据的)。

谢谢, 泽普


Tags: 文件数据代码idjsonpandasdfdata
2条回答
data = {'events': [{'id': 142896214,
                    'playerId': 37831,
                    'teamId': 3157,
                    'matchId': 2214569,
                    'matchPeriod': '1H',
                    'eventSec': 0.8935539999999946,
                    'eventId': 8,
                    'eventName': 'Pass',
                    'subEventId': 85,
                    'subEventName': 'Simple pass',
                    'positions': [{'x': 51, 'y': 49}, {'x': 40, 'y': 53}],
                    'tags': [{'id': 1801, 'tag': {'label': 'accurate'}}]}]}

创建数据帧

df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(data)
df = df['events'].apply(pd.Series)

enter image description here

pd.Series压平positions

df_p = df['positions'].apply(pd.Series)

df_p_0 = df_p[0].apply(pd.Series)
df_p_1 = df_p[1].apply(pd.Series)

重命名positions[0]&;positions[1]

df_p_0.columns = ['pos_0_x', 'pos_0_y']
df_p_1.columns = ['pos_1_x', 'pos_1_y']

pd.Series压平tags

df_t = df.tags.apply(pd.Series)
df_t = df_t[0].apply(pd.Series)
df_t_t = df_t.tag.apply(pd.Series)

重命名id&;label

df_t =  df_t.rename(columns={'id': 'tags_id'})
df_t_t.columns = ['tags_tag_label']

将它们与pd.concat结合起来:

df_new = pd.concat([df, df_p_0, df_p_1, df_t.tags_id, df_t_t], axis=1)

删除旧列:

df_new = df_new.drop(['positions', 'tags'], axis=1)

enter image description here

如果您正在寻找从json展开多个层次结构的更通用方法,那么可以使用recursion和列表理解来重塑数据。一个备选方案如下:

def flatten_json(nested_json, exclude=['']):
    """Flatten json object with nested keys into a single level.
        Args:
            nested_json: A nested json object.
            exclude: Keys to exclude from output.
        Returns:
            The flattened json object if successful, None otherwise.
    """
    out = {}

    def flatten(x, name='', exclude=exclude):
        if type(x) is dict:
            for a in x:
                if a not in exclude: flatten(x[a], name + a + '_')
        elif type(x) is list:
            i = 0
            for a in x:
                flatten(a, name + str(i) + '_')
                i += 1
        else:
            out[name[:-1]] = x

    flatten(nested_json)
    return out

然后可以应用于数据,而不受嵌套级别的影响:

新样本数据

this_dict = {'events': [
  {'id': 142896214,
   'playerId': 37831,
   'teamId': 3157,
   'matchId': 2214569,
   'matchPeriod': '1H',
   'eventSec': 0.8935539999999946,
   'eventId': 8,
   'eventName': 'Pass',
   'subEventId': 85,
   'subEventName': 'Simple pass',
   'positions': [{'x': 51, 'y': 49}, {'x': 40, 'y': 53}],
   'tags': [{'id': 1801, 'tag': {'label': 'accurate'}}]},
 {'id': 142896214,
   'playerId': 37831,
   'teamId': 3157,
   'matchId': 2214569,
   'matchPeriod': '1H',
   'eventSec': 0.8935539999999946,
   'eventId': 8,
   'eventName': 'Pass',
   'subEventId': 85,
   'subEventName': 'Simple pass',
   'positions': [{'x': 51, 'y': 49}, {'x': 40, 'y': 53},{'x': 51, 'y': 49}],
   'tags': [{'id': 1801, 'tag': {'label': 'accurate'}}]}
]}

用法

pd.DataFrame([flatten_json(x) for x in this_dict['events']])

Out[1]:
          id  playerId  teamId  matchId matchPeriod  eventSec  eventId  \
0  142896214     37831    3157  2214569          1H  0.893554        8   
1  142896214     37831    3157  2214569          1H  0.893554        8   

  eventName  subEventId subEventName  positions_0_x  positions_0_y  \
0      Pass          85  Simple pass             51             49   
1      Pass          85  Simple pass             51             49   

   positions_1_x  positions_1_y  tags_0_id tags_0_tag_label  positions_2_x  \
0             40             53       1801         accurate            NaN   
1             40             53       1801         accurate           51.0   

   positions_2_y  
0            NaN  
1           49.0  

请注意,这个flatten_json代码不是我的,我已经看到它herehere没有太多原始源的确定性。

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