没有找到名为cairo的模块 - python和pip

Question

我正在尝试构建openuds，得到了错误no module name cairo，我浏览了一下，发现安装pycario可以解决这个问题

python manage.py createcachetable
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 9, in <module>
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 353, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 327, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 18, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 115, in populate
    app_config.ready()
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/__init__.py", line 78, in ready
    from . import REST  # To make sure REST initializes all what it needs
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/REST/__init__.py", line 210, in <module>
    Dispatcher.initialize()
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/REST/__init__.py", line 206, in initialize
    __import__(__name__ + '.' + package + '.' + name, globals(), locals(), [], -1)
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/REST/methods/reports.py", line 38, in <module>
    from uds import reports
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/reports/__init__.py", line 80, in <module>
    __init__()
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/reports/__init__.py", line 76, in __init__
    __import__(name, globals(), locals(), [])
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/reports/stats/__init__.py", line 35, in <module>
    from .login import StatsReportLogin, StatsReportLoginCSV
  File "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/server/src/uds/reports/stats/login.py", line 45, in <module>
    import cairo
ImportError: No module named cairo

因此，我试图安装pycairo，但出现了以下错误，请帮助我

python -m pip install pycairo 
Collecting pycairo
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/54/23d6cf3e8d8f1eb30e0e58f171b6f62b2ea75c024935492373639a1a08e4/pycairo-1.18.0.tar.gz
Building wheels for collected packages: pycairo
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for pycairo ... error
  Complete output from command /home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-_hOJAx/pycairo/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-sp61DQ --python-tag cp27:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  running build_py
  creating build
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
  creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
  copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
  copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
  copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
  running build_ext
  Package cairo was not found in the pkg-config search path.
  Perhaps you should add the directory containing `cairo.pc'
  to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
  No package 'cairo' found
  Command '['pkg-config', '--print-errors', '--exists', 'cairo >= 1.13.1']' returned non-zero exit status 1

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for pycairo
  Running setup.py clean for pycairo
Failed to build pycairo
Installing collected packages: pycairo
  Running setup.py install for pycairo ... error
    Complete output from command /home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-_hOJAx/pycairo/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-SBY9Xo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/include/site/python2.7/pycairo:
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
    copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cairo
    running build_ext
    Package cairo was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `cairo.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    No package 'cairo' found
    Command '['pkg-config', '--print-errors', '--exists', 'cairo >= 1.13.1']' returned non-zero exit status 1

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-_hOJAx/pycairo/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-SBY9Xo/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /home/hari/openuds/testuds-master/Python-2.7.14/env/include/site/python2.7/pycairo" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-_hOJAx/pycairo/

1）非常感谢您的帮助，请检查此错误并帮助我。

2）同样在java中，我们有maven，它将像这样自己安装依赖项，还有其他工具可以用来构建python包吗？

谢谢， 哈里

Answer 1

Pycairo是用于cairo graphics library的Python绑定。Pycairo doesn't provide预编译的二进制轮，因此pip必须从源代码编译它。要编译Pycairo，需要安装cairo。所以从

apt install libcairo2

或者从发行版安装绑定：

apt install python-cairo