独角脱蜡：Tkin中的特殊字符

Question

我用Tkinter（Python2.7）编写了一个程序，Tkinter（Python2.7）是挪威语的一个拼字助手，它包含一些特殊字符（æøå），这意味着我的wordlist（ordliste）包含有特殊字符的单词。

当我运行函数finnord（c*）时，它返回'cd'。我正在使用entry.get()将单词放入函数中。

我的问题是entry.get（）的编码。我有本地编码UTF-8，但是当我在entrybox中编写任何特殊字符并将它们与wordlist匹配时，我会得到一个UniCodeError。

这是我的输出。

Warning (from warnings module):
  File "C:\pythonprog\scrabble\feud.py", line 46
if s not in liste and s in ordliste:
UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison failed to convert both arguments to Unicode -    
interpreting them as being unequal

当我在壳里写下：

> ordinn.get()
u'k\xf8**e'
> ordinn.get().encode('utf-8')
'k\xc3\xb8**e'
> print ordinn.get()
kø**e
> print ordinn.get().encode('utf-8')
kø**e

有人知道我为什么不能将ordinn.get（）（entry）与我的单词列表匹配吗？

Answer 1

我可以这样重现错误：

% python
Python 2.7.2+ (default, Oct  4 2011, 20:03:08) 
[GCC 4.6.1] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 'k\xf8**e' in [u'k\xf8**e']
__main__:1: UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison failed to convert both arguments to Unicode - interpreting them as being unequal
False

因此，或许s是一个str object，而liste或ordliste包含unicode，或者（正如eryksun在评论中指出的那样）反之亦然。解决方案是对str objects（最有可能使用utf-8编解码器）进行解码，使其成为unicode。

如果没有帮助，请打印并发布

print(repr(s))
print(repr(liste))
print(repr(ordliste))

---

我相信可以通过将所有字符串转换为unicode来避免这个问题。

1. 当从norsk.txt生成ordliste时，使用 codecs.open('norsk.txt','r','utf-8')：

   encoding = sys.stdin.encoding
   with codecs.open('norsk.txt','r','utf-8') as fil:
       ordliste = [line.rstrip(u'\n') for line in fil]
   

2. 尽快将所有用户输入转换为unicode：

   def get_unicode(widget):
       streng = widget.get()
       try:
           streng = streng.decode('utf-8')
       except UnicodeEncodeError:
           pass
       return streng
   

---

所以不妨试试这个：

import Tkinter as tk
import tkMessageBox
import codecs
import itertools
import sys

alfabetet = (u"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
             u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER AE}"
             u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE}"
             u"\N{LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE}")

encoding = sys.stdin.encoding
with codecs.open('norsk.txt','r',encoding) as fil:
    ordliste = set(line.rstrip(u'\n') for line in fil)

def get_unicode(widget):
    streng = widget.get()
    if isinstance(streng,str):
        streng = streng.decode('latin-1')
    return streng

def siord():
    alfa=lagtabell()
    try:
        streng = get_unicode(ordinn)
        ordene=finnord(streng,alfa)
        if len(ordene) == 0:
            # There are no words that match
            tkMessageBox.showinfo('Dessverre..','Det er ingen ord som passer...')
        else:
            # Done: The words that fit the pattern
            tkMessageBox.showinfo('Ferdig',
                'Ordene som passer er:\n'+ordene.encode('utf-8'))
    except Exception as err:
        # There has been a mistake .. Check your word
        print(repr(err))
        tkMessageBox.showerror('ERROR','Det har skjedd en feil.. Sjekk ordet ditt.')

def finnord(streng,alfa): 
    liste = set()
    for substitution in itertools.permutations(alfa,streng.count(u'*')):
        s = streng
        for ch in substitution:
            s = s.replace(u'*',ch,1)
        if s in ordliste:
            liste.add(s)
    liste = [streng]+list(liste)
    return u','.join(liste)+u'.'

def lagtabell():
    tinbox = get_unicode(bokstinn)
    if not tinbox.isalpha():
        alfa = alfabetet
    else:
        alfa = tinbox.lower()
    return alfa

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('FeudHjelper av Martin Skow Røed')
root.geometry('400x250+450+200')
# root.iconbitmap('data/ikon.ico')

skrift1 = tk.Label(root,
                text = '''\
Velkommen til FeudHjelper. Skriv inn de bokstavene du har, og erstatt ukjente med *.
F. eks: sl**ge
Det er kun lov til å bruke tre stjerner, altså tre ukjente bokstaver.''',
                font = ('Verdana',8), wraplength=350)
skrift1.pack(pady = 5)

ordinn = tk.StringVar(None)
tekstboks = tk.Entry(root, textvariable = ordinn)
tekstboks.pack(pady = 5)

# What letters do you have? Eg "ahneki". Leave blank here if you want all the words.
skrift2 = tk.Label(root, text = '''Hvilke bokstaver har du? F. eks "ahneki". La det være blankt her hvis du vil ha alle ordene.''',
                font = ('Verdana',8), wraplength=350)
skrift2.pack(pady = 10)

bokstinn = tk.StringVar(None)
tekstboks2 = tk.Entry(root, textvariable = bokstinn)
tekstboks2.pack()

knapp = tk.Button(text = 'Finn ord!', command = siord)
knapp.pack(pady = 10)
root.mainloop()