python正则表达式从tex中省略复杂的引用样式

Question

我已经将一个文件的内容读入python，我想去掉所有遵循相同通用格式的引用：

(Author et al., .............. \nGoogle Scholar) # there could be many '\nGoogle Scholar's within the brackets

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses (Gutierrez etal., 2017Gutierrez G.D. Gromada J. Sussel L. Heterogeneity of the pancreatic beta cell.Front. Genet. 2017; 8: 22Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (11)\nGoogle Scholar, Roscioni etal., 2016Roscioni S.S. Migliorini A. Gegg M. Lickert H. Impact of islet architecture on -cell heterogeneity, plasticity and function.Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 695-709Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (36)\nGoogle Scholar). Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes (Cui etal., 2018Cui Y. Hu D. Markillie L.M. Chrisler W.B. Gaffrey M.J. Ansong C. Sussel L. Orr G. Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence insitu hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells.Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46: e7Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (2)\nGoogle Scholar). We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol (Lyubimova etal., 2013Lyubimova A. Itzkovitz S. Junker J.P. Fan Z.P. Wu X. van Oudenaarden A. Single-molecule mRNA detection and counting in mammalian tissue.Nat. Protoc. 2013; 8: 1743-1758Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (62)\nGoogle Scholar) by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.

期望输出

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses . Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes . We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.

我找不到一个正则表达式可以一次性省略所有引用，因此我必须分两部分来完成：

1. 查找每个“\n观察学者”事件的所有位置。你知道吗
2. 从每个位置向后延伸，直到出现相应的左括号，然后省略这些索引之间的字符。你知道吗

我尝试如下：

def remove(test_str):
        regex=re.compile('\\nGoogle Scholar\)')
        starts=[]
        ends=[]
        ret=''
        for end in regex.finditer(test_str): #find all 'Google Scholar)'
            ends.append(m.end())
        for e in ends:                       #find all starting brackets
            i=e
            while True:
                if bool(re.match('\(\D+',test_str[i-2:i])):
                    starts.append(i-2)
                    break
                else:
                    i-=1
        start=test_str[:starts[0]]           #omit all characters in between
        starts=starts[1:]
        end=test_str[ends[-1]:]
        ends=ends[:-1]
        for i,j in zip(starts,ends):
            ret=ret+test_str[j:i]
        return start+ret+end

然而，这个策略失败了，因为我用来查找每个起始括号（\(\D+）的regex不够精确-通常在引用中有封闭的括号，例如

(Cui etal., 2018Cui Y. Hu D. Markillie L.M. Chrisler W.B. Gaffrey M.J. Ansong C. Sussel L. Orr G. Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence insitu hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells.Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46: e7Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (2)\nGoogle Scholar)

因此，在这种情况下，搜索正确的开口括号会过早停止。。。。你知道吗

有人能推荐一个好的方法来一致地删除所有引用吗？你知道吗

Answer 1

import re

if __name__ == '__main__':
    source = """Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses (Gutierrez etal., 2017Gutierrez G.D. Gromada J. Sussel L. Heterogeneity of the pancreatic beta cell.Front. Genet. 2017; 8: 22Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (11)\nGoogle Scholar, Roscioni etal., 2016Roscioni S.S. Migliorini A. Gegg M. Lickert H. Impact of islet architecture on -cell heterogeneity, plasticity and function.Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 695-709Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (36)\nGoogle Scholar). Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes (Cui etal., 2018Cui Y. Hu D. Markillie L.M. Chrisler W.B. Gaffrey M.J. Ansong C. Sussel L. Orr G. Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence insitu hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells.Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46: e7Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (2)\nGoogle Scholar). We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol (Lyubimova etal., 2013Lyubimova A. Itzkovitz S. Junker J.P. Fan Z.P. Wu X. van Oudenaarden A. Single-molecule mRNA detection and counting in mammalian tissue.Nat. Protoc. 2013; 8: 1743-1758Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (62)\nGoogle Scholar) by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr."""
    output = re.sub(' \(.*? etal\., .*?\\nGoogle Scholar\)', '', source, flags=re.DOTALL)

    print(output)

输出

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses. Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes. We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.

Answer 2

根据你描述的模式，你可以使用这个正则表达式

(?s)\(.*?Google Scholar\) ?

并将其替换为空字符串。这里(?s)用于启用.以匹配新行。你知道吗

Check here

这是一个python代码演示

import re

s = 'Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses (Gutierrez etal., 2017Gutierrez G.D. Gromada J. Sussel L. Heterogeneity of the pancreatic beta cell.Front. Genet. 2017; 8: 22Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (11)\nGoogle Scholar, Roscioni etal., 2016Roscioni S.S. Migliorini A. Gegg M. Lickert H. Impact of islet architecture on -cell heterogeneity, plasticity and function.Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 695-709Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (36)\nGoogle Scholar). Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes (Cui etal., 2018Cui Y. Hu D. Markillie L.M. Chrisler W.B. Gaffrey M.J. Ansong C. Sussel L. Orr G. Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence insitu hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells.Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46: e7Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (2)\nGoogle Scholar). We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol (Lyubimova etal., 2013Lyubimova A. Itzkovitz S. Junker J.P. Fan Z.P. Wu X. van Oudenaarden A. Single-molecule mRNA detection and counting in mammalian tissue.Nat. Protoc. 2013; 8: 1743-1758Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (62)\nGoogle Scholar) by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.'

replacedStr = re.sub(r'(?s)\(.*?Google Scholar\) ?','',s)
print(replacedStr)

像你在帖子中提到的那样打印以下内容。你知道吗

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses . Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes . We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probehybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.

Answer 3

我可以用下面的方法来解决这个问题，它与您想要的字母匹配，并且可以处理文本中的括号（不是引用）：

1. 寻找开头\(

2. 查找[^()]+(?:\([^()]+\))?的重复，即一个或多个非圆括号字符，后跟一对可选的( )，其中一个或多个非圆括号字符。

3. 寻找结尾\nGoogle Scholar\)

4. 拆分并与空格合并以删除多个空格

代码：

import re
text = 'Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses (Gutierrez etal., 2017Gutierrez G.D. Gromada J. Sussel L. Heterogeneity of the pancreatic beta cell.Front. Genet. 2017; 8: 22Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (11)\nGoogle Scholar, Roscioni etal., 2016Roscioni S.S. Migliorini A. Gegg M. Lickert H. Impact of islet architecture on -cell heterogeneity, plasticity and function.Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2016; 12: 695-709Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (36)\nGoogle Scholar). Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes (Cui etal., 2018Cui Y. Hu D. Markillie L.M. Chrisler W.B. Gaffrey M.J. Ansong C. Sussel L. Orr G. Fluctuation localization imaging-based fluorescence insitu hybridization (fliFISH) for accurate detection and counting of RNA copies in single cells.Nucleic Acids Res. 2018; 46: e7Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (2)\nGoogle Scholar). We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol (Lyubimova etal., 2013Lyubimova A. Itzkovitz S. Junker J.P. Fan Z.P. Wu X. van Oudenaarden A. Single-molecule mRNA detection and counting in mammalian tissue.Nat. Protoc. 2013; 8: 1743-1758Crossref\nPubMed\nScopus (62)\nGoogle Scholar) by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.'
fixed_text = ' '.join(re.sub(r'\((?:[^()]+(?:\([^()]+\))?)+\nGoogle Scholar\)', '', text).split())
print(fixed_text)

输出：

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses . Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes . We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.

可以通过更改以下代码来进行改进，该代码还删除了前导\(之前的空格，但它与所需的输出不匹配（该代码存在缺陷）：

fixed_text = re.sub(r' ?\((?:[^()]+(?:\([^()]+\))?)+\nGoogle Scholar\)', '', string)

Introduction The endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon in response to glucose perturbations to maintain glucose homeostasis. The insulin-secreting beta cells exhibit morphological, functional, and molecular variations, suggesting that they may consist of sub-populations with specialized tasks and physiological responses. Features of beta cell heterogeneity include glucose responsiveness and secretory activity ..... Visualizing transcripts in the pancreas, however, has been infeasible without the use of specialized techniques such as photoswitchable dyes. We have optimized the standard tissue smFISH protocol by substantially increasing the period of mRNA denaturation, which precedes the probe hybridization steps, from 5min to at least 3hr.