Python win32gui setasforegroundindow函数工作不正常

2024-10-06 12:31:18 发布

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我试图编写一个程序,通过搜索窗口的标题来查找窗口。一旦找到窗户,它就会试图把它带到前面。我正在使用win32guiAPI来实现这一点。我可以让它在大部分情况下工作,但由于某种原因,如果任务管理器在前面,它就不工作了。我有下面的示例代码。

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) != None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)


def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print traceback.format_exc()
main()

我从多个在线来源拼凑而成。它似乎在大多数情况下都能工作,但对于某些窗口(如任务管理器),它有时会工作,但其他窗口则会失败。当它不能正常工作时,我只注意到应用程序图标呈黄色闪烁。有没有正确的方法来确保我感兴趣的窗口被设置为100%的前景?我不确定这是否相关,但我正在使用Windows7Professional(32位)和ServicePack1。


Tags: importselfrenone管理器def情况sleep
2条回答

我找到了一个解决方案:如果是taskmanager,那就杀了它。我向cWindow添加了一个方法:

def kill_task_manager(self):
    # Here I use your method to find a window because of an accent in my french OS,
    # but you should use win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'Task Manager complete name').
    wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
    self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
    if self._hwnd:
        win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)  # kill it
        sleep(0.5)  # important to let time for the window to be closed

cW = cWindow()之后调用此方法。

另一个错误陷阱是在SetAsForegroundWindow中防止此异常:

error: (0, 'SetForegroundWindow', 'No error message is available')

只需在win32gui调用之前发送alt键:

# Add this import
import win32com.client

# Add this to __ini__
self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

# And SetAsForegroundWindow becomes
def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
    self.shell.SendKeys('%')
    win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

最后,如果可以的话,不要比较!= None而是is not None。更多的Python;)

这是完整的代码:

# coding: utf-8

import re, traceback
import win32gui, win32con, win32com.client
from time import sleep


class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None
        self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        self.shell.SendKeys('%')
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)

    def kill_task_manager(self):
        wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
        self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        if self._hwnd:
            win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
            sleep(0.5)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.kill_task_manager()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

资料来源:how do I close window with handle using win32gui in Pythonwin32gui.SetActiveWindow() ERROR : The specified procedure could not be found

注意:以下仅涉及在激活窗口之前确保始终位于顶部的窗口(如任务管理器)处于隐藏状态-它假设激活部分本身工作正常(可能不是这样)。允许进程调用SetForegroundWindowWindows API函数的条件列在here


任务管理器在两个方面很特别:

  • 默认情况下,它设置为始终在顶部显示,即高于所有其他窗口。
  • 即使关闭(Options > Always on Topunchecked),您也可以让它显示在其他的顶部窗口上(这是普通窗口似乎无法做到的)。

您的代码:

  • 在我的测试中,目标窗口确实变成了活动窗口。
  • 是指任务管理器窗口仍然位于(最大化)窗口的顶部,而不是工作。
    • 不幸的是,即使试图让你的窗口也成为一个始终位于顶部的窗口也无济于事。

特别检查是否存在“任务管理器”窗口并将其最小化是一个选项,但请注意,可能会有其他始终在顶部窗口,因此要获得可靠的解决方案,您必须确定所有始终在顶部窗口打开并将其最小化:

下面的代码试图识别除任务栏和“开始”按钮之外的所有始终位于顶部的窗口,并且最小化了任何此类窗口。

新方法是hide_always_on_top_windows_window_enum_callback_hide

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        # First, make sure all (other) always-on-top windows are hidden.
        self.hide_always_on_top_windows() 
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, regex):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all open windows'''
        if self._hwnd is None and re.match(regex, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_regex(self, regex):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, regex)

    def hide_always_on_top_windows(self):
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback_hide, None)

    def _window_enum_callback_hide(self, hwnd, unused):
        if hwnd != self._hwnd: # ignore self
            # Is the window visible and marked as an always-on-top (topmost) window?
            if win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd) and win32gui.GetWindowLong(hwnd, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE) & win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST:
                # Ignore windows of class 'Button' (the Start button overlay) and
                # 'Shell_TrayWnd' (the Task Bar).
                className = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
                if not (className == 'Button' or className == 'Shell_TrayWnd'):
                    # Force-minimize the window.
                    # Fortunately, this seems to work even with windows that
                    # have no Minimize button.
                    # Note that if we tried to hide the window with SW_HIDE,
                    # it would disappear from the Task Bar as well.
                    win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd, win32con.SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        regex = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_regex(regex)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())
main()

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