Python CSV在Excel中写入文件不可读（中文）

Question

我正在尝试对中文文本进行文本分析。程序如下所示。我得到的结果是不可读的字符，比如浜烘皯鏃ユ姤绀捐。如果我将输出文件result.csv更改为result.txt，则字符正确为人民日报社论。那这是怎么回事？我想不通。我尝试了几种方法，包括添加decoder和encoder。

    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import os
    import glob
    import jieba
    import jieba.analyse
    import csv
    import codecs  

    segList = []
    raw_data_path = 'monthly_raw_data/'
    file_name = ["201010", "201011", "201012", "201101", "201103", "201105", "201107", "201109", "201110", "201111", "201112", "201201", "201202", "201203", "201205", "201206", "201208", "201210", "201211"]

    jieba.load_userdict("customized_dict.txt")

    for name in file_name:
        all_text = ""
        multi_line_text = ""
        with open(raw_data_path + name + ".txt", "r") as file:
            for line in file:
                if line != '\n':
                    multi_line_text += line
            templist = multi_line_text.split('\n')
            for text in templist:
                all_text += text
            seg_list = jieba.cut(all_text,cut_all=False)
            temp_text = []
            for item in seg_list:
                temp_text.append(item.encode('utf-8'))

            stop_list = []
            with open("stopwords.txt", "r") as stoplistfile:
                for item in stoplistfile:
                    stop_list.append(item.rstrip('\r\n'))

            text_without_stopwords = []
            for word in temp_text:
                if word not in stop_list:
                    text_without_stopwords.append(word)

            segList.append(text_without_stopwords)


    with open("results/result.csv", 'wb') as f:
        writer = csv.writer(f)
        writer.writerows(segList)

Answer 1

这里有另一种方法有点棘手：

#!python2
#coding:utf8
import csv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','wb') as f:
    f.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
    w = csv.writer(f)
    for row in data:
        w.writerow([item.encode('utf8') for item in row])

此代码块生成csv文件编码的utf-8。

1. 使用记事本++打开文件（或其他具有编码功能的编辑器）
2. 编码->；转换为ANSI
3. 保存

用Excel打开文件，没问题。

Answer 2

对于UTF-8编码，Excel需要在文件开头写入BOM（字节顺序标记）代码点，否则它将采用ANSI编码，这取决于语言环境。U+FEFF是Unicode BOM。下面是一个在Excel中正确打开的示例：

#!python2
#coding:utf8
import csv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','wb') as f:
    f.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
    w = csv.writer(f)
    for row in data:
        w.writerow([item.encode('utf8') for item in row])

为了完整起见，Python 3使这一点更容易实现。注意newline=''参数而不是wb和utf-8-sig编码会自动添加BOM。Unicode字符串是直接写入的，而不需要对每个项进行编码。

#!python3
#coding:utf8
import csv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','w',newline='',encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
    w = csv.writer(f)
    w.writerows(data)

还有第三方模块unicodecsv也使Python 2更容易：

#!python2
#coding:utf8
import unicodecsv

data = [[u'American',u'美国人'],
        [u'Chinese',u'中国人']]

with open('results.csv','wb') as f:
    w = unicodecsv.writer(f,encoding='utf-8-sig')
    w.writerows(data)