401 Twitter API要求的授权

Question

我正在构建一个Python脚本来自动在Twitter上发布状态更新。我仔细阅读并遵循了创建签名的API文档，并请求更新状态。但我在做请求时出错了。你知道吗

HTTP Error 401: Authorization Required

我在Stackoverflow和其他资源中看到了更多类似的问题，但是还没有找到解决这个问题的方法。你知道吗

 def sendTweet(self):

      url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/update.json'
      message = 'Testing'

      oauths = [
            ['oauth_consumer_key', '1234567890'],
            ['oauth_nonce', self.generate_nonce()],
            ['oauth_signature', ''],
            ['oauth_signature_method', 'HMAC-SHA1'],
            ['oauth_timestamp', str(int(time.time()))],
            ['oauth_token', '1234567890'],
            ['oauth_version', '1.0']
        ]

        signature = self.sign(oauths, message)
        oauths[2][1] = signature

        count = 0
        auth = 'OAuth '
        for oauth in oauths:
            count = count + 1
            if oauth[1]:
                auth = auth + self.quote(oauth[0]) + '="' + self.quote(oauth[1]) + '"'
            if count < len(oauths):
                auth = auth + ', '

        headers = {
            'Authorization': auth,
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
        }

        payload = {'status' : message.encode('utf-8')}

        req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(payload), headers=headers)

        try:
            response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
            data = response.read()
            print data
        except (urllib2.HTTPError, urllib2.URLError) as err:
            print err

这就是self.sign函数的作用

def sign(self, oauths, message):

        signatureParams = ''
        count = 0

        values = [
            ['oauth_consumer_key', oauths[0][1]],
            ['oauth_nonce', oauths[1][1]],
            ['oauth_signature_method', oauths[3][1]],
            ['oauth_timestamp', oauths[4][1]],
            ['oauth_token', oauths[5][1]],
            ['oauth_version', oauths[6][1]],
            ['status', message]
        ]

        customerSecret = '1234567890'
        tokenSecret = '1234567890'

        for value in oauths:
            count = count + 1
            signatureParams = signatureParams + self.quote(value[0]) + '=' + self.quote(value[1])
            if count < len(oauths):
                signatureParams = signatureParams + '&'

        signature = 'POST&' + self.quote(self.endPoint) + '&' + self.quote(signatureParams)
        signinKey = self.quote(customerSecret) + '&' + self.quote(tokenSecret)

        signed = base64.b64encode(self.signRequest(signinKey, signature))

        return signed

下面是helper函数。你知道吗

def generate_nonce(self):
    return ''.join([str(random.randint(0, 9)) for i in range(8)])

def quote(self, param):
    return urllib.quote(param.encode('utf8'), safe='')

def signRequest(self, key, raw):
    from hashlib import sha1
    import hmac
    hashed = hmac.new(key, raw, sha1)
    return hashed.digest().encode('base64').rstrip('\n')

这就是我打印auth字符串时的样子。你知道吗

OAuth oauth_consumer_key="1234567890",
oauth_nonce="78261149",
oauth_signature="akc2alpFWWdjbElZV2RCMmpGcDc0V1d1S1B3PQ%3D%3D",
oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp="1540896473",
oauth_token="1234567890",
oauth_version="1.0"

这和我读Twitter文档时应该是一样的。但我还是得到了401授权所需的错误。。我只是看不出这里出了什么问题。你知道吗

密钥的访问级别是Read, write, and direct messages

所有键都被1234567890替换，但在实际代码中我使用的是真正的键。你知道吗

有人知道我做错了什么吗？提前谢谢！你知道吗