“pip install SQLAlchemy”导致“致命错误：Python.h:没有这样的文件或目录”

Question

呼叫

pip install SQLAlchemy

我得到一个错误：

lib/sqlalchemy/cextension/processors.c:10:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

据我所知，我有正确的Python版本（2.7.3）和OS（Ubuntu 12.04）（见下文）来实现这一点。我做错什么了吗？

安装程序的工作方式是

pip install --global-option='--without-cextensions' SQLAlchemy"

但我想要C扩展。

全部输出：

root@mycomputer:/# pip install SQLAlchemy
Downloading/unpacking SQLAlchemy
  Downloading SQLAlchemy-0.8.3.tar.gz (3.9Mb): 3.9Mb downloaded
  Running setup.py egg_info for package SQLAlchemy

    warning: no files found matching '*.jpg' under directory 'doc'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/build/output'
Installing collected packages: SQLAlchemy
  Running setup.py install for SQLAlchemy
    building 'sqlalchemy.cprocessors' extension
    gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c lib/sqlalchemy/cextension/processors.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/lib/sqlalchemy/cextension/processors.o
    lib/sqlalchemy/cextension/processors.c:10:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
    compilation terminated.
    ***************************************************************************
    command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
    WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
    Failure information, if any, is above.
    Retrying the build without the C extension now.
    ***************************************************************************

    warning: no files found matching '*.jpg' under directory 'doc'
    no previously-included directories found matching 'doc/build/output'
    ***************************************************************************
    WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.
    Plain-Python build succeeded.
    ***************************************************************************
Successfully installed SQLAlchemy
Cleaning up...
root@mycomputer:/#

Python版本：

root@mycomputer:/#python -V
Python 2.7.3
root@mycomputer:/#

Ubuntu版本：

root@mycomputer:/#cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=12.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=precise
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 12.04 LTS"
root@mycomputer:/#

Answer 1

您需要为您的Python版本安装python-dev（或类似的名称）包。它包括编译C扩展所需的所有头文件。这些文件（不幸的是）没有包含在默认的python包中。

对于Ubuntu，命令是

sudo apt-get install python-dev

或者

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

取决于您使用的版本。

Answer 2

sudo apt-get install python-dev -y