如何在Tkinter中创建连续运行的窗口？（Python 2.7.11版）

Question

我想先弹出一个登录窗口，一旦条件满足，它就会关闭登录窗口，打开一个新窗口。你知道吗

from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox

#Not really sure what i'm doing here anymore

while True:

    Login = Tk()
    Login.title('Login')
    Login.geometry('400x130')

    NameLabel = Label(Login, text='Username')
    NameLabel.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=100)

    NameEntryRaw = Entry(Login)
    NameEntryRaw.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=200)

    CodeLabel = Label(Login, text='Code')
    CodeLabel.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=100, y=30)

    CodeEntryRaw = Entry(Login)
    CodeEntryRaw.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=25, width=100, x=200, y=30)

    def tbd():

        tkMessageBox.showinfo('Congrats!', 'This program is not done yet')

    def login():

        Usernames=list()
        Usernames.append('Mordecai')
        Usernames.append('Ezekiel')
        Usernames.append('Goliath')
        Usernames.append('Abraham')
        Usernames.append('Bartholomew')
        Usernames.append('Jedediah')
        Usernames.append('Solomon')
        Usernames.append('Tobias')
        Usernames.append('Yohanan')
        Usernames.append('Lucifer')

        NameEntry=NameEntryRaw.get()
        CodeEntry=CodeEntryRaw.get()

        CodeReal='116987'

        if Usernames.count(NameEntry) == 0:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo('Error!', 'Your Username is invalid! Try Again.')

        else:
            ()

        if CodeEntry != CodeReal:
            tkMessageBox.showinfo('Error!', 'The Code entered is invalid! Try Again.')

        else:
            ()     

    LoginButton = Button(Login, text="Login", command=login)
    LoginButton.place(bordermode=OUTSIDE, height=50, width=200, x=100, y=60)
    Login.mainloop()

else:

    DataBase = Tk()
    #this will be the data base
    DataBase.mainloop()

Answer 1

我要感谢你澄清你为我做了什么。它被证明是非常有用的！这是我已经解决的问题。我把名字放回原处，让它不用上课就可以工作，因为我发现这有点太难了。你知道吗

from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox 
import sys
import binascii #Not for this part

Codenames = ['Mordecai', 'Ezekiel', 'Goliath', 'Abraham', 'Bartholomew',
    'Jedediah', 'Solomon', 'Tobias', 'Yohanan', 'Lucifer']

Password = '116987' 

def close_protocol():
    if tkMessageBox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
        sys.exit()
#Below for a later part...
def text_to_bits(text, encoding='utf-8', errors='surrogatepass'):
    bits = bin(int(binascii.hexlify(text.encode(encoding, errors)), 16))[2:]
    return bits.zfill(8 * ((len(bits) + 7) // 8))

def text_from_bits(bits, encoding='utf-8', errors='surrogatepass'):
    n = int(bits, 2)
    return int2bytes(n).decode(encoding, errors)

def int2bytes(i):
    hex_string = '%x' % i
    n = len(hex_string)
    return binascii.unhexlify(hex_string.zfill(n + (n & 1)))
#Above for a later part...
SDB = Tk()
SDB.title("SMEGJALBYT DATA BASE")
SDB.withdraw()

SDBLogin = Toplevel()
SDBLogin.title("Login")

SDBLogin.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", close_protocol)

CodenameLabel = Label(SDBLogin, text="Codename")
CodenameLabel.grid(row=0, column=0)

CodenameEntry = Entry(SDBLogin)
CodenameEntry.grid(row=0, column=2)

PasswordLabel = Label(SDBLogin, text="Password")
PasswordLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)

PasswordEntry = Entry(SDBLogin, show='*')
PasswordEntry.grid(row=1, column=2)

def login_operation():
    if CodenameEntry.get() not in Codenames:
        tkMessageBox.showinfo("INVALID CODENAME!", "Please verify input in the 'Codename' field")

    elif PasswordEntry.get() != Password:
        tkMessageBox.showinfo("INVALID PASSWORD!", "Please verify input in   the 'Password' field")

    else:
        SDB.deiconify()
        SDBLogin.destroy()

LoginButton = Button(SDBLogin, text="Login", command=login_operation)
LoginButton.grid(row=2, column=1)
#Code continues...
#Code finisles....
SDB.mainloop()

它有相同的基本功能，只是按照我想要的方式组织。你知道吗

Answer 2

你不想使用两个mainloop。一般来说，你的tkinter应用程序应该有一个.mainloop名为。你知道吗

至于如何获得登录弹出窗口，然后切换到窗口。。。你可以用应用程序创建你的根窗口，当你启动你的程序时，会有一个Toplevel窗口显示登录信息，也许会另外隐藏/收回根？，让顶层有一个提交按钮或一些可以验证凭据的东西。如果凭据有效，那么您可以使用destroy()方法删除主应用程序的顶级小部件/转到根窗口。你知道吗

有一个while True重复创建GUI+mainloop的过程显然是不好的。你知道吗

编辑：对于可变对象来说，static可能不是一个好词，因为它是可变的。。。为全局添加了tuple vs list。你知道吗

您不需要创建一个空列表，然后使用append将您的用户名添加到usernames列表中。你可以让这个全球化。因为username是一个可变的对象（它是一个列表），所以您仍然可以在这个全局对象上的代码中的其他地方执行操作，比如.append等等。或者，如果您从未进行过这些更改，我会将其设为一个元组，因为它们是不可变的，而且这更符合您的意图。你知道吗

与使用.count(*)获取列表中某个元素的出现次数不同，您只需使用：

if (object) in (some list) #Object is an abstraction, not the type

如果CodeReal是静态的（看起来是静态的），那么也可以将其设为全局的。你知道吗

下面是对代码的一个快速编辑，您可以不使用类来完成此操作，但是我在这里使用类来尝试清楚地显示程序中的逻辑分隔。你知道吗

我还更改了一些变量名，这样更容易阅读/理解。我还使用了.pack()和.grid()，因为这比在任何地方使用.place()都要快——这是一个任意的选择。你知道吗

import Tkinter as tk 
import tkMessageBox as messagebox
import sys

#No need to do usernames = list() and then .append for each one.
#Just make a global list holding them all...
USERNAMES = ('Mordecai', 'Ezekiel', 'Goliath', 'Abraham', 'Bartholomew',
    'Jedediah', 'Solomon', 'Tobias', 'Yohanan', 'Lucifer')
PASSWORD = '116987' #Was CodeReal, this can be global

#We overrode the closing protocol here.
def closing_protocol():

    if messagebox.askokcancel("Quit", "Do you want to quit?"):
        sys.exit()

#A container for our Login "app".
class Login(tk.Toplevel):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        #We init the toplevel widget.
        tk.Toplevel.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        #We set the closing protocol to be the overridden version / func.
        self.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closing_protocol)
        tk.Label(self, text='Username').grid(row=0, column=0)
        self.username = tk.Entry(self)
        self.username.grid(row=0, column=1)

        tk.Label(self, text='Password').grid(row=1, column=0)
        #Show = '*' just hides the password instead of plain-text like
        #you typically see
        self.password = tk.Entry(self, text='Password', show='*')
        self.password.grid(row=1, column=1)

        #When the button is clicked the _callback function will be called
        tk.Button(self, text='Login', command=self._callback).\
            grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew")

    def _callback(self):

        #If the username or password is bad, raise an error message.
        if (self.username.get() not in USERNAMES or 
            self.password.get() != PASSWORD):
            messagebox.showerror("Validation Error!", 
                "You have entered invalid credentials.\n" +
                "Please try again.")

        #otherwise, we're good to go. Destroy login / show main app.
        else:
            root.deiconify()
            app.pack()
            self.destroy()

class Main(tk.Frame):

    def __init__(self, master):

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master)
        tk.Label(self, text="MAIN APP STUFF").pack()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    root = tk.Tk()
    root.withdraw() #Hides the root window initially.
    app = Main(root)
    Login()
    root.mainloop()