如何在Python中遍历字符串列表

Question

我对Python有点陌生，我正在尝试简化我现有的代码。 现在，我用不同的字符串把代码重复了5次。我希望有一次的代码，让它运行一个字符串列表。在

目前我所拥有的：

def wiScanFormat():

    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
    data = File.read()
    File.close()
    MAC = data.replace("Address:", "\nAddress, ")
    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
    File.write(MAC)
    File.close()

    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
    data = File.read()
    File.close()
    SSID = data.replace("ESSID:", "\nESSID, ")
    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
    File.write(SSID)
    File.close()

    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
    data = File.read()
    File.close()
    FREQ = data.replace("Frequency:", "\nFrequency, ")
    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
    File.write(FREQ)
    File.close()

    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
    data = File.read()
    File.close()
    QUAL = data.replace("Quality", "\nQuality, ")
    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
    File.write(QUAL)
    File.close()

    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
    data = File.read()
    File.close()
    SIG = data.replace("Signal level", "\nSignal Level, ")
    File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
    File.write(SIG)
    File.close()

我想要什么：

^{pr2}$

然后把它通过：

^{3}$

我已经试着运行我提交的东西，但它似乎没有按照我需要的方式格式化。在

上面的输出如下：

Cell 46 - Address: xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx    ESSID:"MySSID"  Frequency:2.412 GHz (Channel 1) Quality=47/100  Signal level=48/100 Quality=47/100  Signal level=48/100

但它应该是这样的（当我分别在字符串上运行同一个块时，它确实是这样的）：

xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx   MySSID  5.18 GHz (Channel 36)   0.81    0.99

我该如何在字符串列表中循环这段代码？ 我需要两个字符串来进行查找和替换，旧的和新的，所以它们必须一起工作。显然，这些列表的大小相同，我需要它们的顺序正确。Address with Address，ESSID with ESSID等

提前谢谢！在

Answer 1

试试这样的方法：

ORG = ['Address:', 'ESSID:'...etc]
NEW = ['\nAddress, ' , '\nESSID, ' , ...  etc]

File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r")
data = File.read()
File.close()
for org, new in zip(ORG, NEW):
    data = data.replace(org, new)
File = open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "w")
File.write(data)
File.close()

（注意zip的工作方式：https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#zip）

Answer 2

考虑到您的ORG和NEW，最简单的方法如下：

# Open once for both read and write; use with statement for guaranteed close at end of block
with open("/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt", "r+") as f:
    data = f.read()  # Slurp file
    f.seek(0)        # Seek back to beginning of file
    # Perform all replacements
    for orig, repl in zip(ORG, NEW):
        data = data.replace(orig, repl)
    f.write(data)    # Write new data over old
    f.truncate()     # If replacement shrunk file, truncate extra

Answer 3

如果我没看错你的问题，你正在打开同一个文件，做一个小的改动，保存它，然后再次关闭它，五次。你只需打开一次，做所有的修改，然后保存它。例如，像这样：

filename = "/home/pi/gpsMaster/WiScan.txt"
with open(filename, 'r') as fin:
    data = fin.read()
data = data.replace("Address:", "\nAddress, ")
data = data.replace("ESSID:", "\nESSID, ")
data = data.replace("Frequency:", "\nFrequency, ")
data = data.replace("Quality", "\nQuality, ")
data = data.replace("Signal level", "\nSignal Level, ")
with open(filename, 'w') as fout:
    fout.write(data)

如果要使用列表（ORG和NEW）作为替换，可以执行以下操作：

^{pr2}$