Python turtle.setup（）将画布截断为屏幕大小-如何避免？

Question

为了测量一根杆的转速，我需要做一个刻度盘，刻度盘上有大量交替排列的暗/透明段。旋转的表盘会打断光传感器上的光，然后我只需要测量光脉冲的频率。Python turtle图形似乎是绘制此刻度盘的好主意。

我需要画这个图像非常大，以避免楼梯的影响，对各部分的边缘-我需要平滑的边缘。但如果我做turtle.setup（x，y）的x或y大于屏幕，画布将被截断以适合屏幕。如何避免？

我的代码包含在最后。这里有一个截短画布的截图，x=y=1420

编辑：只需在结束时清除-getscreen（）/getcanvas（）即可捕获此截断的画布图像并将其按原样（截断）保存到EPS文件中。这就是困扰我的原因。我需要在一个高分辨率的图像文件中捕获整个圆。

我在Ubuntu 13.04上使用python-2.7.4

这是代码：

#!/usr/bin/python

# set this to 1 to troubleshoot
debug = 0

import turtle
import math

# image file with the result
fname="dial.eps"

# number of lines
n = 100
# external radius
r2 = 700
# length of each line
l = round(r2 / 10)

r1 = r2 - l

# pen thickness
# tuned for 50% fill factor at the inner end of each line
# (dark stripe and transparent stripe have equal width there)
thick = 2 * math.pi * r1 / float(2 * n)
print "thickness =", thick

# setup screen size to contain the whole circle, plus a little extra
border = 20 + thick
turtle.setup(2 * r2 + border, 2 * r2 + border)

dot = turtle.Turtle()
dot.speed(0)
dot.hideturtle()

# draw crosshairs in the center
dot.setpos(l, 0)
dot.setpos(-l, 0)
dot.home()
dot.setpos(0, l)
dot.setpos(0, -l)
dot.penup()

# thickness of lines
dot.pensize(thick)

for step in range(0, n):
    a = 360.0 * step / float(n)
    arad = math.radians(a)
    x1 = r1 * math.cos(arad)
    y1 = r1 * math.sin(arad)
    x2 = r2 * math.cos(arad)
    y2 = r2 * math.sin(arad)
    if debug == 1:
        print "a =", a, "\t x1 =", x1, "\t y1 =", y1, "\t x2 =", x2, "\t y2 =", y2
    dot.penup()
    dot.setpos(x1, y1)
    dot.pendown()
    dot.setpos(x2, y2)

ts = turtle.getscreen()
ts.getcanvas().postscript(file=fname)

print "Saved image to: ", fname
print "All done. Click image to exit."

turtle.exitonclick()

Answer 1

• 你不能把海龟的画布放得比屏幕大
• 由getcanvas().postscript保存的EPS文件是独立于分辨率的；您可以以任何大小打印它，它仍将以打印机的本机分辨率输出。

我修改了代码以读取屏幕大小并相应地更改圆半径：

#!/usr/bin/python

# set this to 1 to troubleshoot

debug = 0

import turtle
import math
ts = turtle.getscreen()
max_size = 0
if ts.window_width > ts.window_height:
    max_size = ts.window_height()
else:
    max_size = ts.window_width()

# image file with the result

fname = 'dial.eps'

# number of lines

n = 100

# external radius
# r2 = 700

r2 = 0.8 * max_size / 2

# length of each line - changed from 'l', which looks too much like 1

line_length = round(r2 / 10)

r1 = r2 - line_length

# pen thickness
# tuned for 50% fill factor at the inner end of each line
# (dark stripe and transparent stripe have equal width there)

thick = 2 * math.pi * r1 / float(2 * n)
print 'thickness =', thick

# setup screen size to contain the whole circle, plus a little extra

border = 20 + thick

# turtle.setup(2 * r2 + border, 2 * r2 + border)

dot = turtle.Turtle()
dot.speed(0)
dot.hideturtle()

# draw crosshairs in the center

dot.setpos(line_length, 0)
dot.setpos(-line_length, 0)
dot.home()
dot.setpos(0, line_length)
dot.setpos(0, -line_length)
dot.penup()

# thickness of lines

dot.pensize(thick)

for step in range(0, n):
    a = 360.0 * step / float(n)
    arad = math.radians(a)
    x1 = r1 * math.cos(arad)
    y1 = r1 * math.sin(arad)
    x2 = r2 * math.cos(arad)
    y2 = r2 * math.sin(arad)
    if debug == 1:
        print 'a =', a, '\t x1 =', x1, '\t y1 =', y1, '\t x2 =', x2, \
            '\t y2 =', y2
    dot.penup()
    dot.setpos(x1, y1)
    dot.pendown()
    dot.setpos(x2, y2)

ts.getcanvas().postscript(file=fname)

print 'Saved image to: ', fname
print 'All done. Click image to exit.'

turtle.exitonclick()

放大到500%，没有锯齿：

哦，请不要使用l作为变量名；它看起来太像1。程序员，没有饼干…☺