我在twitter api上遇到问题，它返回400个坏请求

Question

我在访问twitter api时遇到问题。它给出了400个错误的请求。之前它给出了未经授权的例外。有人能帮我弄清楚我做错了什么吗？我正在为图像上传写这段代码。我想我会先尝试常规的post方法，然后会添加文件上传，但在错误的请求下卡住了

import oauth2 as oauth
import json
import urllib
import urllib2
from collections import namedtuple
import time
from hashlib import sha1
import hmac
import uuid
import base64


AUTHENTICATION="https://api.twitter.com/oauth2/token"
REQUEST_TOKEN="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/request_token"
AUTHORIZE_URL="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/authorize"
ACCESS_TOKEN_URL="https://api.twitter.com/oauth/access_token"


CONSUMER_KEY=""
CONSUMER_SECRET=""
ACCESS_KEY=""
ACCESS_SECRET=""

OAuth_Basic=namedtuple("OAuth_Basic", "oauth_consumer_key oauth_signature_method  oauth_version")
baseString=namedtuple("baseString", "timeStamp string nonce status")
SendRequest=namedtuple("SendRequest", "method url timestamp upload")



def basestring(oauth, access_key, body=None):
    timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
    nonce= base64.b64encode(str(uuid.uuid4().hex))
    basestring=percentencode("oauth_consumer_key") + "=" + percentencode(oauth.oauth_consumer_key) + "&"
    basestring+=percentencode("oauth_nonce") + "=" + percentencode(nonce) + "&"
    basestring+=percentencode("oauth_signature_method") + "=" + percentencode(oauth.oauth_signature_method) + "&"
    basestring+=percentencode("oauth_timestamp") + "=" + percentencode(timestamp) + "&"
    basestring+=percentencode("oauth_token") + "=" + percentencode(access_key) + "&"
    basestring+=percentencode("oauth_version") + "=" + percentencode(oauth.oauth_version)
    if body:
        basestring+="&" + percentencode("status") + "=" + percentencode(body)
    return baseString(timeStamp=timestamp, string=basestring, nonce=nonce, status=body)

def sign_request(signature, consumer_secret, access_secret):
    key = consumer_secret + "&" + access_secret
    hashed = hmac.new(key, signature, sha1)
    return hashed.digest().encode("base64").rstrip('\n')


def signaturebasestring(request, basestr, upload=False):
    if not upload:
        return percentencode(request.method) + "&" + percentencode(request.url) + "&" + percentencode(basestr)
    return percentencode(request.url) + "&" + percentencode(basestr)


def sendrequest(s_oauth, s_basestring, s_request, s_signature):
    oauth_header="OAuth oauth_consumer_key=\""+s_oauth.oauth_consumer_key+"\", oauth_nonce=\""+s_basestring.nonce+"\", oauth_signature=\""+percentencode(s_signature)+"\", oauth_signature_method=\""+s_oauth.oauth_signature_method+"\", oauth_timestamp=\""+s_request.timestamp+"\", oauth_token=\""+ACCESS_KEY+"\", oauth_version=\""+s_oauth.oauth_version+"\"" 
    headers = {"Authorization": oauth_header, "Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Host":"api.twitter.com", "User-Agent":"OAuth gem v0.4.4", "oauth_consumer_key":s_oauth.oauth_consumer_key}
    status = {"status":s_basestring.status}
    encoded_args = urllib.urlencode(status)
    req = urllib2.Request(s_request.url, encoded_args, headers)
    try:
        resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        print resp
    except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
        print "httperror :" + str(e.code) 
        print e.reason
    except urllib2.URLError, e:
        print "urlerror :" + str(e.code) 
        print e.reason
    except httplib.HTTPException, e:
        print "httpexception :" + str(e.code) 
        print e.reason


def percentencode(val):
    return val.replace(" ", "%20").replace("!", "%21").replace("&", "%26").replace("/", "%2F").replace("=", "%3D").replace("+", "%2B").replace(",", "%2C").replace("-", "%2D").replace(".", "%2E")

p_oauth=OAuth_Basic(oauth_consumer_key=CONSUMER_KEY, oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_version="1.0")
p_basestring=basestring(p_oauth, ACCESS_KEY, "hello world")
p_request = SendRequest(method="POST", url="https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/update.json", timestamp=p_basestring.timeStamp,  upload=False)
signature=sign_request(signaturebasestring(p_request, p_basestring.string, False), CONSUMER_SECRET, ACCESS_SECRET)
sendrequest(p_oauth, p_basestring, p_request, signature)

Answer 1

我发现了错误。百分比编码发生在小写，变为大写，一切都开始工作。有几个站点帮助验证OAuth头。 谢谢