在Django REST fram中将不在模型中的字段添加到序列化程序

Question

我有一个模型注释，创建时可能创建新用户，也可能不创建新用户。因此，我的API在创建新注释时需要密码字段。以下是我的评论模型：

class Comment(models.Model):
    commenter = models.ManyToManyField(Commenter)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    url = models.URLField(max_length=200)
    content = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True)
    ip = models.IPAddressField(max_length=45)
    date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now)
    post_title = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    post_url = models.URLField(max_length=200)
    rating = models.IntegerField(max_length=10, default=0)

以下是我的API视图：

class CommentNewView(CreateAPIView):
    model = Comment
    serializer_class = CommentCreateSerializer

这是我的序列化程序：

class CommentCreateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    commenter_pw = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ('email', 'author', 'url', 'content', 'ip', 'post_title', 'post_url', 'commenter_pw')

下面是我得到的错误：

Environment:


Request Method: POST
Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/comment/create/

Django Version: 1.5.2
Python Version: 2.7.2
Installed Applications:
('commentflow.apps.dashboard',
 'commentflow.apps.commenter',
 'commentflow.apps.comment',
 'rest_framework',
 'rest_framework.authtoken',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.sites',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.admindocs')
Installed Middleware:
('django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware')


Traceback:
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
  115.                         response = callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/generic/base.py" in view
  68.             return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/views/decorators/csrf.py" in wrapped_view
  77.         return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  327.             response = self.handle_exception(exc)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/views.py" in dispatch
  324.             response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/generics.py" in post
  372.         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/mixins.py" in create
  50.         if serializer.is_valid():
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in is_valid
  479.         return not self.errors
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in errors
  471.                 ret = self.from_native(data, files)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in from_native
  867.         instance = super(ModelSerializer, self).from_native(data, files)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in from_native
  324.             return self.restore_object(attrs, instance=getattr(self, 'object', None))
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rest_framework/serializers.py" in restore_object
  852.             instance = self.opts.model(**attrs)
File "/Users/tlovett1/.virtualenvs/commentflow/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in __init__
  415.                 raise TypeError("'%s' is an invalid keyword argument for this function" % list(kwargs)[0])

Exception Type: TypeError at /api/comment/create/
Exception Value: 'commenter_pw' is an invalid keyword argument for this function

Answer 1

以前的答案在DRF3.0上不起作用，restore_object（）方法现在已被弃用。

我用过的方法很糟糕，但我没有找到更好的方法。 我在模型上为这个字段放置了一个虚拟的getter/setter，这样就可以像模型上的任何其他字段一样使用这个字段。

记住在序列化程序定义中将字段设置为只写。

class Comment(models.Model):
    @property
    def commenter_pw():
        return None

    @commenter_pw.setter
    def commenter_pw(self, value):
        pass

class CommentCreateSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    commenter_pw = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, write_only=True, required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ('email', 'author', 'url', 'content', 'ip', 'post_title', 'post_url', 'commenter_pw')