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2024-05-19 16:25:04 发布

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我正在尝试制作一个定制的小部件,提供一个可滚动的框架,它可以调整大小以适应它的内容或窗口,例如,如果内部框架的内容比画布的视图小,那么可以拉伸内容以适应视图,或者如果它们是更小的滚动条,则可以启用,但是为了使使用更简单,我希望能够做到重写在内部框架内打包或网格化小部件所需的任何方法。例如代替: tk.按钮(滚动框。内部, ...) 我希望能够使用:
tk.按钮(滚动框,…)

但是,我目前无法解决的问题是:

__all__ = ['ScrolledFrame']

try:
    import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
    import Tkinter as tk

class ScrolledFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.scrollbars = None
        self.scroll_shown= [False, False]
        if ('scrollbars' in kwargs):
            self.scrollbars = kwargs['scrollbars']
            del kwargs['scrollbars']

        tk.Frame.__init__(self, master, *args, **kwargs)

        self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)

        self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='vertical')
        self.hsb = tk.Scrollbar(self, orient='horizontal')
        self.vsb.opts = {'column':2, 'row':1, 'sticky':'nesw'}
        self.hsb.opts = {'column':1, 'row':2, 'sticky':'nesw'}

        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self, bd=0, highlightthickness=0,
                                yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set,
                                xscrollcommand=self.hsb.set)
        self.canvas.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky='nesw')

        self.vsb.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
        self.hsb.config(command=self.canvas.xview)

        self.canvas.xview_moveto(0)
        self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)

        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self._reconfigure)

        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas)

        self.frame_id = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window=self.frame, anchor='nw')

        self.frame.bind('<Configure>', self._reconfigure)

        self.update_idletasks()
        self._showscrollbars()

    def _reconfigure(self, event=None):
        f_reqsize = (self.frame.winfo_reqwidth(), self.frame.winfo_reqheight())
        c_size = (self.canvas.winfo_width(), self.canvas.winfo_height())
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion="0 0 %s %s" % f_reqsize)
        if (f_reqsize[0] < c_size[0]):
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, width=c_size[0])
        else:
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, width=f_reqsize[0])
        if (f_reqsize[1] < c_size[1]):
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, height=c_size[1])
        else:
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, height=f_reqsize[1])

        if (self.scrollbars == 'auto'):
            self._showscrollbars()

    def _showscrollbars(self):
        if (self.scrollbars == 'both'):
            self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
            self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'x'):
            self.vsb.grid_remove()
            self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'y'):
            self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
            self.hsb.grid_remove()
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'auto'):
            f_reqsize = (self.frame.winfo_reqwidth(), self.frame.winfo_reqheight())
            c_size = (self.canvas.winfo_width(), self.canvas.winfo_height())
            # start with vertical
            if self.scroll_shown[1] == False: # not showing
                if (f_reqsize[1] > c_size[1]): # height is greater than canvas so show
                    self.canvas.configure(width=self.canvas.winfo_width() - self.vsb.winfo_reqwidth())
                    self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
                    self.scroll_shown[1] = True
            else:
                if (f_reqsize[1] <= c_size[1]): # height is less than canvas so don't show
                    self.vsb.grid_remove()
                    self.canvas.configure(width=self.canvas.winfo_width() + self.vsb.winfo_reqwidth())
                    self.scroll_shown[1] = False

            # now horizontal
            if self.scroll_shown[0] == False: # not showing
                if (f_reqsize[0] > c_size[0]): # width is greater than canvas so show
                    self.canvas.configure(height=self.canvas.winfo_height() - self.hsb.winfo_reqheight())
                    self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
                    self.scroll_shown[0] = True
            else:
                if (f_reqsize[0] <= c_size[0]): # width is less than canvas so don't show
                    self.hsb.grid_remove()
                    self.canvas.configure(height=self.canvas.winfo_height() + self.hsb.winfo_reqheight())
                    self.scroll_shown[0] = False

    def resize(self):
        self._reconfigure()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    frames = []
    def add_row():
        frame = tk.Frame(sf.frame)
        frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
        frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
        num = len(frames)
        tk.Label(frame, text='Test %i' % num).grid(column=1, row=1, sticky="nesw")
        tk.Entry(frame).grid(column=2, row=1, sticky="nesw")
        frame.grid(column=1, row=num, sticky='nesw')
        sf.frame.grid_rowconfigure(num, weight=1)
        frames.append(frame)
        sf.resize()

    def del_row():
        frame = frames.pop()
        frame.grid_forget()
        frame.destroy()
        num = len(frames)
        sf.frame.grid_rowconfigure(num, weight=0)
        sf.resize()

    def add_column():
        pass

    def del_column():
        pass

    root = tk.Tk()

    sf = ScrolledFrame(root, scrollbars='auto')
    sf.frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    sf.grid(column=1, row=1, columnspan=2, rowspan=2, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='-', command=del_row).grid(column=3, row=1, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='+', command=add_row).grid(column=3, row=2, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='-', command=del_column).grid(column=1, row=3, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='+', command=add_column).grid(column=2, row=3, sticky='nesw')

    root.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    root.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(2, weight=1)

    root.mainloop()

所以在我的草图底部的测试代码中,我想更改add函数,使其frame = tk.Frame(sf)不影响将外部框架打包/网格化到父窗口/框架中的能力,我该怎么做/我需要重写哪些方法/属性?在

我尝试重写__str____repr__来指向内部框架方法,但没有成功


Tags: selfifcolumnframetkgridrowcanvas
1条回答
网友
1楼 · 发布于 2024-05-19 16:25:04

您要查找的属性是_w。然而,仅仅使用它不会得到你想要的。问题是您需要将一些属性传递给外部框架,而其他属性传递给内部框架。通过与未初始化的小部件进行比较,您可以将哪些内容整理到哪里。然而,从Widget子类路由它非常困难,因为您需要重写属性。创建普通类(不是子类)并从中路由属性要容易得多:

__all__ = ['ScrolledFrame']

try:
    import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
    import Tkinter as tk

class ScrolledFrame:
    def __init__(self, master=None, *args, **kwargs):
        self.scrollbars = kwargs.pop('scrollbars', None)
        self.scroll_shown= [False, False]

        self.outer_attr = set(dir(tk.Widget)) # a list of attributes that the outer frame should handle
        self.outer_frame = tk.Frame(master)

        self.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        self.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)

        self.vsb = tk.Scrollbar(self.outer_frame, orient='vertical')
        self.hsb = tk.Scrollbar(self.outer_frame, orient='horizontal')
        self.vsb.opts = {'column':2, 'row':1, 'sticky':'nesw'}
        self.hsb.opts = {'column':1, 'row':2, 'sticky':'nesw'}

        self.canvas = tk.Canvas(self.outer_frame, bd=0, highlightthickness=0,
                                yscrollcommand=self.vsb.set,
                                xscrollcommand=self.hsb.set)
        self.canvas.grid(column=1, row=1, sticky='nesw')

        self.vsb.config(command=self.canvas.yview)
        self.hsb.config(command=self.canvas.xview)

        self.canvas.xview_moveto(0)
        self.canvas.yview_moveto(0)

        self.canvas.bind('<Configure>', self._reconfigure)

        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.canvas)

        self.frame_id = self.canvas.create_window(0, 0, window=self.frame, anchor='nw')

        self.frame.bind('<Configure>', self._reconfigure)

        #~ self.update_idletasks() # this is not needed; and should never be needed.
        self._showscrollbars()

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        '''when an attribute is requested, sort out which frame should provide the attribute'''
        if item in self.outer_attr:
            # geometry attributes etc (eg pack, destroy, tkraise) are passed on to self.outer
            return getattr(self.outer_frame, item)
        else:
            # all other attributes (_w, children, etc) are passed to self.inner
            return getattr(self.frame, item)

    def _reconfigure(self, event=None):
        f_reqsize = (self.frame.winfo_reqwidth(), self.frame.winfo_reqheight())
        c_size = (self.canvas.winfo_width(), self.canvas.winfo_height())
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion="0 0 %s %s" % f_reqsize)
        if (f_reqsize[0] < c_size[0]):
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, width=c_size[0])
        else:
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, width=f_reqsize[0])
        if (f_reqsize[1] < c_size[1]):
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, height=c_size[1])
        else:
            self.canvas.itemconfigure(self.frame_id, height=f_reqsize[1])

        if (self.scrollbars == 'auto'):
            self._showscrollbars()

    def _showscrollbars(self):
        if (self.scrollbars == 'both'):
            self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
            self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'x'):
            self.vsb.grid_remove()
            self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'y'):
            self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
            self.hsb.grid_remove()
        elif (self.scrollbars == 'auto'):
            f_reqsize = (self.frame.winfo_reqwidth(), self.frame.winfo_reqheight())
            c_size = (self.canvas.winfo_width(), self.canvas.winfo_height())
            # start with vertical
            if self.scroll_shown[1] == False: # not showing
                if (f_reqsize[1] > c_size[1]): # height is greater than canvas so show
                    self.canvas.configure(width=self.canvas.winfo_width() - self.vsb.winfo_reqwidth())
                    self.vsb.grid(**self.vsb.opts)
                    self.scroll_shown[1] = True
            else:
                if (f_reqsize[1] <= c_size[1]): # height is less than canvas so don't show
                    self.vsb.grid_remove()
                    self.canvas.configure(width=self.canvas.winfo_width() + self.vsb.winfo_reqwidth())
                    self.scroll_shown[1] = False

            # now horizontal
            if self.scroll_shown[0] == False: # not showing
                if (f_reqsize[0] > c_size[0]): # width is greater than canvas so show
                    self.canvas.configure(height=self.canvas.winfo_height() - self.hsb.winfo_reqheight())
                    self.hsb.grid(**self.hsb.opts)
                    self.scroll_shown[0] = True
            else:
                if (f_reqsize[0] <= c_size[0]): # width is less than canvas so don't show
                    self.hsb.grid_remove()
                    self.canvas.configure(height=self.canvas.winfo_height() + self.hsb.winfo_reqheight())
                    self.scroll_shown[0] = False

    def resize(self):
        self._reconfigure()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    frames = []
    def add_row():
        frame = tk.Frame(sf)
        frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
        frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
        frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
        num = len(frames)
        tk.Label(frame, text='Test %i' % num).grid(column=1, row=1, sticky="nesw")
        tk.Entry(frame).grid(column=2, row=1, sticky="nesw")
        frame.grid(column=1, row=num, sticky='nesw')
        sf.frame.grid_rowconfigure(num, weight=1)
        frames.append(frame)
        sf.resize()

    def del_row():
        frame = frames.pop()
        frame.grid_forget()
        frame.destroy()
        num = len(frames)
        sf.frame.grid_rowconfigure(num, weight=0)
        sf.resize()

    def add_column():
        pass

    def del_column():
        pass

    root = tk.Tk()

    sf = ScrolledFrame(root, scrollbars='auto')
    sf.frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    sf.grid(column=1, row=1, columnspan=2, rowspan=2, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='-', command=del_row).grid(column=3, row=1, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='+', command=add_row).grid(column=3, row=2, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='-', command=del_column).grid(column=1, row=3, sticky='nesw')
    tk.Button(root, text='+', command=add_column).grid(column=2, row=3, sticky='nesw')

    root.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
    root.grid_columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
    root.grid_rowconfigure(2, weight=1)

    root.mainloop()

此解决方案的一个大缺点是自动self.master无法工作。当你向这个“框架”添加一个小部件时,self.master链就是内部框架>;画布>;外部框架。这意味着如果你将这个类化,你必须显式地传递实例,因为“子”没有内置的方式来访问它。在

我以前在尝试制作一个滚动框架小部件时就解决了这个问题。Here's my code, if you are interested它解决了另外几个问题,如跨平台鼠标滚轮绑定。在

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