PyInstaller:IOError:[Errno 2]没有这样的文件或目录：

Question

我正在尝试使用pyinstaller和scientific、MMTK等模块编译python脚本。Pyinstaller无法包含一些.pyd模块，因此我在dist文件夹中手动复制了它们。当我执行编译后的exe时，它给了我以下错误：

C:\Python27\hello\dist\hello>hello.exe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 21, in 
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 436, in importHook
    mod = _self_doimport(nm, ctx, fqname)
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 521, in doimport
    exec co in mod.__dict__
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/visual", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 436, in importHook
    mod = _self_doimport(nm, ctx, fqname)
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 521, in doimport
    exec co in mod.__dict__
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/visual.visual_all", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 436, in importHook
    mod = _self_doimport(nm, ctx, fqname)
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 521, in doimport
    exec co in mod.__dict__
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/vis", line 13, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 436, in importHook
    mod = _self_doimport(nm, ctx, fqname)
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 521, in doimport
    exec co in mod.__dict__
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/vis.ui", line 3, in <module>
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 477, in importHook
    mod = self.doimport(nm, ctx, ctx+'.'+nm)
  File "C:\Python27\iu.py", line 521, in doimport
    exec co in mod.__dict__
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/vis.materials", line 159, in <module>
  File "c:\Python27\hello\build\pyi.win32\hello\outPYZ1.pyz/vis.materials", line 129, in loadTGA
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'c:\\Python27\\hello\\build\\pyi.win32\\hello\\outPYZ1.pyz/turbulence3.tga'

顺便说一下，我可以在那个位置看到outbyz1.pyz文件。知道吗？

Answer 1

不是关于pyd文件，而是关于找不到TGA文件。当应用程序由pyinstaller打包时，您需要调整软件以查看不同的位置。根据Accessing to data files：

In a --onedir distribution, this is easy: pass a list of your data files (in TOC format) to the COLLECT, and they will show up in the distribution directory tree. The name in the (name, path, 'DATA') tuple can be a relative path name. Then, at runtime, you can use code like this to find the file:

os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), relativename))

In a --onefile distribution, data files are bundled within the executable and then extracted at runtime into the work directory by the C code (which is also able to reconstruct directory trees). The work directory is best found by os.environ['_MEIPASS2']. So, you can access those files through:

os.path.join(os.environ["_MEIPASS2"], relativename))

因此，如果在程序中打开文件，请不要执行以下操作：

fd = open('myfilename.tga', 'rb')

此方法正在从当前目录中打开文件。所以它对pyinstaller不起作用，因为当前目录与数据的存放位置不同。

根据您使用的是--onefile，您必须更改为：

import os
filename = 'myfilename.tga' 
if '_MEIPASS2' in os.environ:
    filename = os.path.join(os.environ['_MEIPASS2'], filename))
fd = open(filename, 'rb')

或者如果是--onedir：

import os, sys
filename = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sys.executable), 'myfilename.tga'))
fd = open(filename, 'rb')