Python Django原始SQL迭代导致类型E

Question

在使用原始sql查询时，我在pythondjango中处理表单时遇到一些问题。我用https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/db/sql/作为参考。我在尝试迭代从原始sql查询返回的RawQuerySet时遇到错误。任何帮助都将不胜感激。这是我观点的一部分。在

class SearchForm(forms.Form):
     pr_name = forms.CharField(label="Pr Name", max_length=64, required=False)
     org = forms.ModelChoiceField(queryset=Org.objects.all(), required=False)
     group_name = forms.CharField(label="Unique Submission Name", max_length=64, required=False)
     group_ref = forms.CharField(label="Ref", max_length=12, required=False)
     group_url = forms.URLField(label="URL", required=False)

def search(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = SearchForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            p_ids = []
            g_ids = []
            f_ids = []

        logging.debug('hello1')
        # Filter first
        firstQuery = 'SELECT * FROM pr where '
        pr_name = form.cleaned_data['pr_name']
        if pr_name:
            logging.debug('hello2')
            firstQuery += '(name like \'%' + pr_name + '%\')'
        else:
            pass

        logging.debug('hello3')
        org = form.cleaned_data['org']
        if org:
            org = Org.objects.get(name = org)
            org_id = org.id
            firstQuery += '(org_id = ' + str(org_id) + ')'
        else:
            pass

        firstQuery = firstQuery.replace(')(', ') AND (')
        #logging.debug('First query: %s' % firstQuery)
        p_search_results = P.objects.raw(firstQuery)
        logging.debug('First query: %s' % p_search_results)
        for x in p_search_results:
            p_ids.append(x.id)
        logging.debug('p_ids: %s' % p_ids)


        # Filter Group
        secondQuery = 'SELECT * FROM group where '
                group_name = form.cleaned_data['group_name']
        if group_name:
            secondQuery += '(name like \'%' + group_name + '%\')'
        else:
            pass

        group_ref = form.cleaned_data['group_ref']
        if group_ref:
            secondQuery += '(ref like \'%' + group_ref + '%\')'
        else:
            pass

        group_url = form.cleaned_data['group_url']
        if group_url:
            secondQuery += '(method_url like \'%' + group_url + '%\')'
        else:
            pass

        secondQuery = secondQuery.replace(')(', ') AND (')
        logging.debug('Second query: %s' % secondQuery)
        group_search_results = PredictionGroup.objects.raw(secondQuery)
        logging.debug('Second query: %s' % group_search_results)
        for x in group_search_results:
            g_ids.append(x.id)
        logging.debug('g_ids: %s' % g_ids)

...
...
...

错误是：

^{pr2}$

Answer 1

永远，永远，永远，永远，永远不要建立这样的SQL参数。事实上，这非常重要，我要再说一遍：永远不要，永远，永远，永远，永远，建立这样的SQL参数。您已经让自己完全有可能受到SQL注入攻击：如果有人将"foo'; DELETE FROM pr;"提交到您的pr_name字段，会发生什么？没错，数据库将忠实地执行两个命令并删除pr表。在

Django通常通过正确转义SQL命令的所有输入来保护您不受此影响。出于某种原因，您选择了绕过ORM：现在，有时您需要绕开ORM，以便制定复杂的查询，但是上面显示的查询中没有任何复杂的内容。在

你应该这样做：

group_query = Group.objects.all()
group_name = form.cleaned_data['group_name']
if group_name:
    group_query = group_query.filter(name__icontains=group_name)
org = form.cleaned_data['org']
if org:
    group_query = group_query.filter(org__name=org)

等等。在

Answer 2

错误not enough arguments for format string来自如下行：

"Something %s and %s" % x

您的字符串有两个需要替换的%s，但是在%运算符之后只有一个变量。在

我忍不住想知道堆栈跟踪是否出了问题，因为错误是由于错误地使用了%运算符。一个for循环不会触发这个问题。在