scipy.io.loadmat嵌套结构（即字典）

Question

使用给定的例程（如何用scipy加载Matlab.mat文件），我无法访问更深层次的嵌套结构来将它们恢复到字典中

为了更详细地介绍我遇到的问题，我给出了以下玩具示例：

load scipy.io as spio
a = {'b':{'c':{'d': 3}}}
# my dictionary: a['b']['c']['d'] = 3
spio.savemat('xy.mat',a)

现在我想把mat文件读回python。我尝试了以下方法：

vig=spio.loadmat('xy.mat',squeeze_me=True)

如果我现在想访问我得到的字段：

>> vig['b']
array(((array(3),),), dtype=[('c', '|O8')])
>> vig['b']['c']
array(array((3,), dtype=[('d', '|O8')]), dtype=object)
>> vig['b']['c']['d']
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)

/<ipython console> in <module>()

ValueError: field named d not found.

但是，通过使用选项struct_as_record=False，可以访问该字段：

v=spio.loadmat('xy.mat',squeeze_me=True,struct_as_record=False)

现在可以通过

>> v['b'].c.d
array(3)

Answer 1

只是对mergen的答案的一个增强，不幸的是，如果它到达对象的单元格数组，它将停止递归。下面的版本将列出它们，并继续递归到单元格数组元素（如果可能的话）。

import scipy
import numpy as np


def loadmat(filename):
    '''
    this function should be called instead of direct spio.loadmat
    as it cures the problem of not properly recovering python dictionaries
    from mat files. It calls the function check keys to cure all entries
    which are still mat-objects
    '''
    def _check_keys(d):
        '''
        checks if entries in dictionary are mat-objects. If yes
        todict is called to change them to nested dictionaries
        '''
        for key in d:
            if isinstance(d[key], spio.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct):
                d[key] = _todict(d[key])
        return d

    def _todict(matobj):
        '''
        A recursive function which constructs from matobjects nested dictionaries
        '''
        d = {}
        for strg in matobj._fieldnames:
            elem = matobj.__dict__[strg]
            if isinstance(elem, spio.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct):
                d[strg] = _todict(elem)
            elif isinstance(elem, np.ndarray):
                d[strg] = _tolist(elem)
            else:
                d[strg] = elem
        return d

    def _tolist(ndarray):
        '''
        A recursive function which constructs lists from cellarrays
        (which are loaded as numpy ndarrays), recursing into the elements
        if they contain matobjects.
        '''
        elem_list = []
        for sub_elem in ndarray:
            if isinstance(sub_elem, spio.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct):
                elem_list.append(_todict(sub_elem))
            elif isinstance(sub_elem, np.ndarray):
                elem_list.append(_tolist(sub_elem))
            else:
                elem_list.append(sub_elem)
        return elem_list
    data = scipy.io.loadmat(filename, struct_as_record=False, squeeze_me=True)
    return _check_keys(data)

Answer 2

下面是一些函数，这些函数可以重建字典，只需使用这个loadmat而不是scipy.io的loadmat即可：

import scipy.io as spio

def loadmat(filename):
    '''
    this function should be called instead of direct spio.loadmat
    as it cures the problem of not properly recovering python dictionaries
    from mat files. It calls the function check keys to cure all entries
    which are still mat-objects
    '''
    data = spio.loadmat(filename, struct_as_record=False, squeeze_me=True)
    return _check_keys(data)

def _check_keys(dict):
    '''
    checks if entries in dictionary are mat-objects. If yes
    todict is called to change them to nested dictionaries
    '''
    for key in dict:
        if isinstance(dict[key], spio.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct):
            dict[key] = _todict(dict[key])
    return dict        

def _todict(matobj):
    '''
    A recursive function which constructs from matobjects nested dictionaries
    '''
    dict = {}
    for strg in matobj._fieldnames:
        elem = matobj.__dict__[strg]
        if isinstance(elem, spio.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct):
            dict[strg] = _todict(elem)
        else:
            dict[strg] = elem
    return dict

Answer 3

找到一个解决方案，可以访问“scipy.io.matlab.mio5_params.mat_struct object”的内容，可以通过：

v['b'].__dict__['c'].__dict__['d']