NameError:从类中调用方法时，Python未定义名称“self”问题的回答

NameError:从类中调用方法时，Python未定义名称“self”

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<p>我正在尝试使用Tkinter库在python中制作一个类似砖块破碎机的游戏。我有一个运行良好的早期版本的代码，但是由于缩进错误，所有函数都在<code>__init__</code>中。当我纠正了这个错误，然后添加了一些功能使它成为一个可玩的游戏时，我的主动画循环停止工作。我读了其他文章，证明这是一个间距错误，并验证了这不是使用<code>python -tt</code>。更新：<code>self.moveBall()</code>被移到<code>__init__</code>中，但是<code>moveBall()</code>仍然没有运行。</p> <pre><code>from tkinter import * class Application(Frame): def __init__(self): # Constructing the Screen root = Tk() Frame.__init__(self) self.canvas = Canvas(root, width=800, height=400) # Label self.v = StringVar() self.l = 5 self.label = Label(root, textvariable=self.v, font=('Courier', 20), bg='white', width=50) self.v.set('Lives: ' + str(self.l)) self.label.grid() self.canvas.grid() # Ball self.canvas.create_oval( 2, 2, 22, 22, fill='red', tags='ball', ) # Paddle self.canvas.create_rectangle( 360, 380, 440, 400, fill='black', tag='paddle', ) # Keybindings self.canvas.focus_set() self.canvas.bind('<Left>', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('a', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('<Right>', self.paddleRight) self.canvas.bind('d', self.paddleRight) self.canvas.bind('<Button-3>', self.paddleRight) # Logic self.horizontal_direction = 'east' self.vertical_direcction = 'south' self.moveBall() def collide(self): (x1, y1, x2, y2) = self.canvas.coords('ball') (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if x2 >= 800: self.horizontal_direction = 'west' if x1 <= 0: self.horizontal_direction = 'east' if y1 <= 0: self.vertical_direcction = 'south' if y2 >= 400: self.l -= 1 self.v.set('Lives: ' + str(self.l)) self.vertical_direcction = 'north' if y2 >= py1: if x1 in range(int(px1), int(px2)) or x2 in range(int(px1), int(px2)): self.vertical_direcction = 'north' def moveBall(self): while True: if self.horizontal_direction == 'east': self.canvas.move('ball', 2, 0) else: self.canvas.move('ball', -2, 0) if self.vertical_direcction == 'south': self.canvas.move('ball', 0, 2) else: self.canvas.move('ball', 0, -2) self.canvas.after(15) self.collide() self.canvas.update() def paddleLeft(self, event): (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if px1 >= 0: self.canvas.move('paddle', -5, 0) self.canvas.after(15) self.canvas.update() def paddleRight(self, event): (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if px2 <= 800: self.canvas.move('paddle', 5, 0) self.canvas.after(15) self.canvas.update() def main(): app = Application() app.mainloop() main() </code></pre> <p>下面是控制台输出：</p> ^{pr2}$

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分类：Python问答

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匿名 1天前

　擅长：python、mysql、java

<p>我做了这样的东西：</p> <p>它使用<code>self.root</code>，所以我可以在<code>moveBall</code>中使用它，它与<code>self.root.after(15, moveBall)</code>一起使用，15毫秒后再次运行{<cd2>}，我不需要<code>while True</code>。我不需要<code>canvas.after(15)</code>和{<cd7>}。在</p> <p>我从<code>class Application(Frame):</code>中删除了<code>Frame</code>，因为您将所有小部件直接添加到<code>root</code>中，而这个{<cd8>}从未使用过。在小部件中，您必须使用<code>self</code>而不是<code>root</code>来将小部件添加到此<code>Frame</code>，而{<cd8>}则必须使用<code>master=root</code>将它们添加到主窗口。在</p> <pre><code>from tkinter import * class Application(): def __init__(self): # Constructing the Screen self.root = Tk() self.canvas = Canvas(self.root, width=800, height=400) # Label self.v = StringVar() self.l = 5 self.label = Label(self.root, textvariable=self.v, font=('Courier', 20), bg='white', width=50) self.v.set('Lives: ' + str(self.l)) self.label.grid() self.canvas.grid() # Ball self.canvas.create_oval( 2, 2, 22, 22, fill='red', tags='ball', ) # Paddle self.canvas.create_rectangle( 360, 380, 440, 400, fill='black', tag='paddle', ) # Keybindings self.canvas.focus_set() self.canvas.bind('<Left>', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('a', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('<Button-1>', self.paddleLeft) self.canvas.bind('<Right>', self.paddleRight) self.canvas.bind('d', self.paddleRight) self.canvas.bind('<Button-3>', self.paddleRight) # Logic self.horizontal_direction = 'east' self.vertical_direcction = 'south' # run after 250ms so mainloop has time to start self.root.after(250, self.moveBall) self.root.mainloop() def collide(self): (x1, y1, x2, y2) = self.canvas.coords('ball') (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if x2 >= 800: self.horizontal_direction = 'west' if x1 <= 0: self.horizontal_direction = 'east' if y1 <= 0: self.vertical_direcction = 'south' if y2 >= 400: self.l -= 1 self.v.set('Lives: ' + str(self.l)) self.vertical_direcction = 'north' if y2 >= py1: if x1 in range(int(px1), int(px2)) or x2 in range(int(px1), int(px2)): self.vertical_direcction = 'north' def moveBall(self): if self.horizontal_direction == 'east': self.canvas.move('ball', 2, 0) else: self.canvas.move('ball', -2, 0) if self.vertical_direcction == 'south': self.canvas.move('ball', 0, 2) else: self.canvas.move('ball', 0, -2) self.collide() # run again after 15ms - so I don't need `while True` self.root.after(15, self.moveBall) def paddleLeft(self, event): (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if px1 >= 0: self.canvas.move('paddle', -5, 0) def paddleRight(self, event): (px1, py1, px2, py2) = self.canvas.coords('paddle') if px2 <= 800: self.canvas.move('paddle', 5, 0) # - start - Application() </code></pre>

NameError:从类中调用方法时，Python未定义名称“self”

1 个回答

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