使用IronPython和Visual Studio 2010开发GUI

2024-09-19 20:58:24 发布

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我正在教一门使用Python进行编程和GUI开发的入门课程,我发现对于刚接触编程的学生来说,最不容易的解决方案是使用Visual Studio进行GUI开发。

虽然使用C#和VB的GUI开发经验令人愉快,但我找不到使用IronPython的方法。我安装了包含Visual Studio工具的IronPython 2.7.1,并创建了一个WPF IronPython项目。

我可以像VB和C#一样使用WPF表单设计器,但是,我找不到一种方便的方式(即学生可以理解)来访问GUI元素。例如,使用VB,可以根据元素的名称引用元素,然后可以修改其中的属性。使用IronPython(我不打算向学生展示)我能做的最好的事情是:

import wpf

from System.Windows import Application, Window

class MyWindow(Window):
    def __init__(self):
        wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'WpfApplication3.xaml')

    def Button_Click(self, sender, e):
        #This is the only way I could find in which I can 
        #access an element and modify its properties
        self.Content.Children[1].Text += 'Hello World\n'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    Application().Run(MyWindow())

我注意到GUI元素没有名字,每当我试图手动修改XAML来命名元素时,Visual Studio就会崩溃。下面是为带有按钮和文本区域的简单框架生成的XAML:

<Window 
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
    Title="WpfApplication3" Height="300" Width="300"> 
    <Grid>
        <Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="103,226,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" Click="Button_Click" />
        <TextBox Height="182" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="24,21,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237" />
    </Grid>
</Window> 

如果有任何帮助,使这对学生更容易将不胜感激。对于Python GUI开发,我也愿意接受其他建议,这些建议提供了类似于Visual Studio的体验。


Tags: self元素编程guibuttonwindowwidth学生
2条回答

在IronPython 2.7中,wpf.LoadComponent方法将连接与XAML UI元素同名的任何属性。如果您使用的是IronPython 2.6,那么您需要使用WombatPM建议的代码。因此,对于IronPython 2.7,如果使用以下XAML:

<Window 
       xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
       xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
       Title="IronPyWpf" Height="300" Width="300">
    <Grid>
        <Button x:Name="button" Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="103,226,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75"  />
        <TextBox x:Name="textbox" Height="182" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="24,21,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="237" />
    </Grid>
</Window> 

然后,可以定义两个名为button和textbox的属性来访问UI元素:

class MyWindow(Window):
    def __init__(self):
        wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'IronPyWpf.xaml')
        self._button.Content = 'My Button'
        self._textbox.Text = 'My Text'

    def get_button(self):
        return self._button

    def set_button(self, value):
        self._button = value

    button = property(get_button, set_button)

    def get_textbox(self):
        return self._textbox

    def set_textbox(self, value):
        self._textbox = value

    textbox = property(get_textbox, set_textbox)

实际上,通过删除属性定义,您似乎可以进一步简化代码:

class MyWindow(Window):
    def __init__(self):
        wpf.LoadComponent(self, 'IronPyWpf.xaml')
        self.button.Content = 'My Button'
        self.textbox.Text = 'My Text'

不幸的是,正如您已经看到的,当您试图编辑XAML并为UI元素命名时,Visual Studio似乎会崩溃,出现空引用异常。

您需要遍历所有对象,并使用类似的函数创建更容易理解的引用。

#
# Waddle returns a dictionary of Control types e.g. listbox, Button.
# Each Entry is a dictionary of Control Instance Names i.e.
# controls['Button']['NewSite'] returns the button control named NewSite
# Controls should have Unique names and only those with a Name attrib set
# will be included.
#
def Waddle(c, d):
    s = str(c.__class__)
    if "System.Windows.Controls." in str(c) and hasattr(c,"Name") and c.Name.Length>0:
        ControlType = s[s.find("'")+1:s.rfind("'")]
        if ControlType not in d:
            d[ControlType] = {}
        d[ControlType][c.Name] = c
    if hasattr(c,"Children"):
        for cc in c.Children:
            Waddle(cc, d)
    elif hasattr(c,"Child"):
        Waddle(c.Child, d)
    elif hasattr(c,"Content"):
        Waddle(c.Content, d)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    xr = XmlReader.Create(StringReader(xaml))
    win = XamlReader.Load(xr)

    controls = {}
    Waddle(win, controls)

    #Make all Named buttons do something!
    for butt in controls['Button']:
        controls['Button'][butt].Click += sayhello

    #Make one button do something.
    controls['Button']['NewSite'].Click += sayhello2
    Application().Run(win)

请参阅http://www.ironpython.info/index.php/XAML_GUI_Events_Example获取上述代码和完整示例。

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