如何在windows上使用matlab中的msvc*.dll的ctypes

Question

我在Windows7/64上使用winpython（2.7），Matlab2015a和matlab的新的python bridge。在

>> py.ctypes.util.find_library('c')

ans = 

  Python str with no properties.

    msvcr90.dll

>> py.ctypes.util.find_msvcrt()

ans = 

  Python str with no properties.

    msvcr90.dll

>> py.ctypes.CDLL(py.ctypes.util.find_library('c'))
Python Error: [Error 1114] A dynamic link library (DLL) initialization routine failed

>> x=CDLL('C:\Users\nlab\Downloads\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\python-2.7.9.amd64\msvcr90.dll')
Python Error: [Error 1114] A dynamic link library (DLL) initialization routine failed

同时弹出一个弹出窗口：

^{pr2}$

一个couple otherSO answers建议matlab把它不兼容的msvc*.dll副本放在路径上的某个地方，所以我删除了所有不是来自WinPython的东西系统路径（只有matlab的\bin\win64\和另一个python安装中的\Python27\site-packages\）：

>> py.pprint.PrettyPrinter().pprint(py.sys.path)
['',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\python27.zip',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\DLLs',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\plat-win',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\lib-tk',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\site-packages',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\site-packages\\FontTools',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\site-packages\\win32',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\site-packages\\win32\\lib',
 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\Downloads\\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\\python-2.7.9.amd64\\lib\\site-packages\\Pythonwin']

仍然有大量的msvc*.dll散布在系统中的任何地方，当然还有一些是在路径上：

>> x = py.os.environ

x = 

  Python _Environ with properties:

    data: [1x1 py.dict]

    {'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\nlab\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', <<snip>>, 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\nlab'}

>> cellfun(@(s)fprintf('%s\n',s),strsplit(char(x{'PATH'}),';'))
C:\Program Files\Haskell\bin
C:\Program Files\Haskell Platform\2014.2.0.0\lib\extralibs\bin
C:\Program Files\Haskell Platform\2014.2.0.0\bin
C:\Users\nlab\Downloads\WinPython-64bit-2.7.9.5\python-2.7.9.amd64
C:\Users\nlab\Downloads\opencv\build\x64\vc12\bin
C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v5.0\bin\
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v5.0\libnvvp\
C:\Program Files\ImageMagick-6.8.3-Q16
C:\Program Files (x86)\OSSBuild\GStreamer\v0.10.7\bin
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.1\\bin
C:\Program Files\NVIDIA GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v4.1\libnvvp\
C:\Program Files (x86)\PHP\
C:\Windows\system32
C:\Windows
C:\Windows\System32\Wbem
C:\Program Files\Intel\DMIX
C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin
C:\Program Files\SlikSvn\bin\
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\bin
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Acronis\SnapAPI\
C:\Program Files (x86)\PostgreSQL\9.2\bin
C:\Python27
C:\Python27\Scripts
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\
C:\Program Files (x86)\LilyPond\usr\bin
C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\cmd
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Windows Performance Toolkit\
C:\Program Files\TortoiseGit\bin
C:\Program Files (x86)\QuickTime\QTSystem\
C:\Program Files (x86)\Skype\Phone\
C:\Program Files\Mosek\7\tools\platform\win64x86\bin
C:\Program Files\Haskell Platform\2014.2.0.0\mingw\bin
C:\Users\nlab\AppData\Roaming\cabal\bin
C:\Program Files (x86)\SSH Communications Security\SSH Secure Shell
C:\Gtk+\bin

我注意到在C:\Program Files\MATLAB\R2015a\bin\win64\中我们只有msvc[r|p][100|110].dll——这是否意味着它不能与基于msvcr90的python发行版一起工作，比如winpython2.7.9.5？在

Answer 1

将其定义为文件msvc.py：

import ctypes
print ctypes.cdll.msvcrt

然后在matlab中：

^{pr2}$

我不知道为什么有必要使用msvc.py仅仅导入ctypes并不能给你一个带有msvcrt属性的{}。在

Answer 2

@eryksun的方法奏效了。在

问题仍然存在，为什么ctypes.cdll.msvcrt和{}是这样实现的？他们应该只使用@eryksun的方法返回python清单中的dll，对吗？在

from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *

kernel32 = WinDLL("kernel32")

ACTCTX_FLAG_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE_VALID = 0x001
ACTCTX_FLAG_LANGID_VALID = 0x002
ACTCTX_FLAG_ASSEMBLY_DIRECTORY_VALID = 0x004
ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID = 0x008
ACTCTX_FLAG_SET_PROCESS_DEFAULT = 0x010
ACTCTX_FLAG_APPLICATION_NAME_VALID = 0x020
ACTCTX_FLAG_HMODULE_VALID = 0x080
DEACTIVATE_ACTCTX_FLAG_FORCE_EARLY_DEACTIVATION = 1

INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = HANDLE(-1).value
ULONG_PTR = WPARAM  # pointer-sized unsigned integer

class ACTCTX(Structure):
    _fields_ = (("cbSize", ULONG),
                ("dwFlags", DWORD),
                ("lpSource", LPCWSTR),
                ("wProcessorArchitecture", USHORT),
                ("wLangId", LANGID),
                ("lpAssemblyDirectory", LPCWSTR),
                ("lpResourceName", LPCWSTR),
                ("lpApplicationName", LPCWSTR),
                ("hModule", HMODULE))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(ACTCTX, self).__init__(sizeof(self), *args, **kwds)

CreateActCtxW = kernel32.CreateActCtxW
CreateActCtxW.restype = HANDLE
CreateActCtxW.argtypes = (POINTER(ACTCTX),)
ReleaseActCtx = kernel32.ReleaseActCtx
ReleaseActCtx.restype = None
ReleaseActCtx.argtypes = (HANDLE,)
ActivateActCtx = kernel32.ActivateActCtx
ActivateActCtx.argtypes = (HANDLE, POINTER(ULONG_PTR))
DeactivateActCtx = kernel32.DeactivateActCtx
DeactivateActCtx.argtypes = (DWORD, ULONG_PTR)

def getMsvcr90():
    ctx = ACTCTX(hModule = cdll.python27._handle 
                ,lpResourceName = c_wchar_p(2)
                ,dwFlags = ACTCTX_FLAG_HMODULE_VALID | ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID
                )
    hActCtx = CreateActCtxW(byref(ctx))
    if hActCtx == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE:
        raise WinError()

    cookie = ULONG_PTR()
    if not ActivateActCtx(hActCtx, byref(cookie)):
        raise WinError()
    msvcr90 = CDLL("msvcr90")
    if not DeactivateActCtx(0, cookie):
        raise WinError()

    ReleaseActCtx(hActCtx)

    # show DLL path
    hModule = HANDLE(msvcr90._handle)
    path = (c_wchar * 260)()    
    kernel32.GetModuleFileNameW(hModule, path, len(path))
    print(path.value)

    return msvcr90