使用Python脚本将本地系统文件夹上传到FTP

Question

我必须使用Python脚本自动将文件夹上传到FTP。我可以上载单个文件，但不能上载包含子文件夹和文件的文件夹。我做了很多调查，但都失败了。有人能帮我吗？提前谢谢。

#! /usr/bin/python

import ftplib
s = ftplib.FTP('serverip','usrname','password') 
file = '/home/rock/test.txt'
ftppath = '/IT'
filename = "rak"
s.cwd(ftppath)
f = open(file,'rb')                
s.storbinary('STOR ' + filename, f)         

f.close()                                
s.quit()

Answer 1

我最近遇到了这个问题，并找到了一个递归函数来解决它。

import ftplib
import os

server = 'localhost'
username = 'generic_user'
password = 'password'
myFTP = ftplib.FTP(server, username, password)
myPath = r'c:\temp'
def uploadThis(path):
    files = os.listdir(path)
    os.chdir(path)
    for f in files:
        if os.path.isfile(path + r'\{}'.format(f)):
            fh = open(f, 'rb')
            myFTP.storbinary('STOR %s' % f, fh)
            fh.close()
        elif os.path.isdir(path + r'\{}'.format(f)):
            myFTP.mkd(f)
            myFTP.cwd(f)
            uploadThis(path + r'\{}'.format(f))
    myFTP.cwd('..')
    os.chdir('..')
uploadThis(myPath) # now call the recursive function            

Answer 2

您基本上需要使用os.walk（）来获取这些文件并传输它们。

这是我为自己写的一个剧本，可以满足你的要求。 我很久以前写的，所以如果我再写一次，我可能会做得不同，但我从中得到很多用处。

它导入psftplib，这是我为putty sftp编写的包装器。 请随意删除这些引用，或在以下位置获取库： http://code.google.com/p/psftplib/source/browse/trunk/psftplib.py

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
'''This tool will ftp all the files in a given directory to a given location

if the file ftpallcfg.py exists in the directory it will be loaded and the values within it used, 
with the current directory used as the source directory.

ftpallcfg.py file contains the following variables.
===========================
server = <server to ftp to>
username = <Username for access to given server>
remote_dir = <remote server directory>
encrypt= True/False
monitor = True/False
walk = True/False
=========================== 
'''
import ftplib
import os
import getpass
import sys
import time
import socket
import psftplib

__revision__ = 1.11

SLEEP_SECONDS = 1


class FtpAddOns():
    PATH_CACHE = []

    def __init__(self, ftp_h):
        self.ftp_h = ftp_h

    def ftp_exists(self, path):
        '''path exists check function for ftp handler'''
        exists = None
        if path not in self.PATH_CACHE:
            try:
                self.ftp_h.cwd(path)
                exists = True
                self.PATH_CACHE.append(path)
            except ftplib.error_perm, e:
                if str(e.args).count('550'):    
                    exists = False
        else:
            exists = True

        return exists


    def ftp_mkdirs(self, path, sep='/'):
        '''mkdirs function for ftp handler'''
        split_path = path.split(sep)

        new_dir = ''
        for server_dir in split_path:
            if server_dir:
                new_dir += sep + server_dir
                if not self.ftp_exists(new_dir):
                    try:
                        print 'Attempting to create directory (%s) ...' % (new_dir),
                        self.ftp_h.mkd(new_dir)
                        print 'Done!'
                    except Exception, e:
                        print 'ERROR -- %s' % (str(e.args))                


def _get_local_files(local_dir, walk=False):
    '''Retrieve local files list
    result_list == a list of dictionaries with path and mtime keys. ex: {'path':<filepath>,'mtime':<file last modified time>}
    ignore_dirs == a list of directories to ignore, should not include the base_dir.
    ignore_files == a list of files to ignore.
    ignore_file_ext == a list of extentions to ignore. 
    ''' 
    result_list = []   

    ignore_dirs = ['CVS', '.svn']
    ignore_files = ['.project', '.pydevproject']
    ignore_file_ext = ['.pyc']

    base_dir = os.path.abspath(local_dir)

    for current_dir, dirs, files in os.walk(base_dir):
        for this_dir in ignore_dirs:
            if this_dir in dirs:
                dirs.remove(this_dir)

        sub_dir = current_dir.replace(base_dir, '')
        if not walk and sub_dir:
            break

        for this_file in files:
            if this_file not in ignore_files and os.path.splitext(this_file)[-1].lower() not in ignore_file_ext:
                filepath = os.path.join(current_dir, this_file)
                file_monitor_dict = {
                                     'path': filepath, 
                                     'mtime': os.path.getmtime(filepath)
                                     } 
                result_list.append(file_monitor_dict)
    return result_list 


def monitor_and_ftp(server, 
                      username, 
                      password, 
                      local_dir, 
                      remote_dir, 
                      encrypt=False, 
                      walk=False):
    '''Monitor local files and when an update is found connect and upload'''
    print 'Monitoring changes in (%s).' % (os.path.abspath(local_dir))
    print '(Use ctrl-c to exit)'

    last_files_list = _get_local_files(local_dir)

    while True:
        try:
            time.sleep(SLEEP_SECONDS)

            latest_files_list = _get_local_files(local_dir)

            files_to_update = []

            for idx in xrange(len(latest_files_list)):

                if idx < len(last_files_list):
                    # compare last modified times
                    if latest_files_list[idx]['mtime'] > last_files_list[idx]['mtime']:
                        files_to_update.append(latest_files_list[idx])

                else:
                    # add the file to the list (new file)
                    files_to_update.append(latest_files_list[idx])

            if files_to_update:
                print
                print 'Detected NEW or CHANGED file(s), attempting to send ...'
                print
                is_success = upload_all(server,
                                        username,
                                        password,
                                        local_dir, 
                                        remote_dir, 
                                        files_to_update, 
                                        encrypt, 
                                        walk)

                if not is_success:
                    break

            else:
                print '.',

            last_files_list = latest_files_list[:] # copy the list to hold
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            print
            print 'Exiting.'
            break


def upload_all(server, 
                username, 
                password, 
                base_local_dir, 
                base_remote_dir, 
                files_to_update=None, 
                encrypt=False, 
                walk=False):
    '''Upload all files in a given directory to the given remote directory'''
    continue_on = False
    login_ok = False
    server_connect_ok = False

    base_local_dir = os.path.abspath(base_local_dir)
    base_remote_dir = os.path.normpath(base_remote_dir)

    if files_to_update:
        local_files = files_to_update
    else:
        local_files = _get_local_files(base_local_dir, walk)

    if local_files:
        if not encrypt: # Use standard FTP
            ftp_h = ftplib.FTP()
        else: # Use sftp
            ftp_h = psftplib.SFTP()

        try:
            ftp_h.connect(server)
            server_connect_ok = True
        except socket.gaierror, e:
            print 'ERROR -- Could not connect to (%s): %s' % (server, str(e.args))
        except IOError, e:
            print 'ERROR -- File not found: %s' % (str(e.args))
        except socket.error, e:
            print 'ERROR -- Could not connect to (%s): %s' % (server, str(e.args))

        ftp_path_tools = FtpAddOns(ftp_h)

        if server_connect_ok:
            try:
                ftp_h.login(username,password)
                print 'Logged into (%s) as (%s)' % (server, username)
                login_ok = True
            except ftplib.error_perm, e:
                print 'ERROR -- Check Username/Password: %s' % (str(e.args))
            except psftplib.ProcessTimeout, e:
                print 'ERROR -- Check Username/Password (timeout): %s' % (str(e.args))

            if login_ok:

                for file_info in local_files:
                    filepath = file_info['path']

                    path, filename = os.path.split(filepath)
                    remote_sub_path = path.replace(base_local_dir, '')
                    remote_path = path.replace(base_local_dir, base_remote_dir)
                    remote_path = remote_path.replace('\\', '/') # Convert to unix style

                    if not ftp_path_tools.ftp_exists(remote_path):
                        ftp_path_tools.ftp_mkdirs(remote_path)

                    # Change to directory
                    try:
                        ftp_h.cwd(remote_path)
                        continue_on = True
                    except ftplib.error_perm, e:
                        print 'ERROR -- %s' % (str(e.args))
                    except psftplib.PsFtpInvalidCommand, e:
                        print 'ERROR -- %s' % (str(e.args))                        

                    if continue_on:
                        if os.path.exists(filepath):
                            f_h = open(filepath,'rb')
                            filename = os.path.split(f_h.name)[-1]

                            display_filename = os.path.join(remote_sub_path, filename)
                            display_filename = display_filename.replace('\\', '/')

                            print 'Sending (%s) ...' % (display_filename),
                            send_cmd = 'STOR %s' % (filename)
                            try:
                                ftp_h.storbinary(send_cmd, f_h)
                                f_h.close()
                                print 'Done!' 
                            except Exception, e:
                                print 'ERROR!'
                                print str(e.args)
                                print
                        else:
                            print "WARNING -- File no longer exists, (%s)!" % (filepath)

                ftp_h.quit()
                print 'Closing Connection'
    else:
        print 'ERROR -- No files found in (%s)' % (base_local_dir)

    return continue_on


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import optparse

    default_config_file = u'ftpallcfg.py'

    # Create parser, and configure command line options to parse
    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option("-l", "--local_dir",
                      dest="local_dir",
                      help="Local Directory (Defaults to CWD)",
                      default='.')
    parser.add_option("-r", "--remote_dir",
                      dest="remote_dir",
                      help="[REQUIRED] Target Remote directory",
                      default=None)
    parser.add_option("-u", "--username",
                      dest="username",
                      help="[REQUIRED] username",
                      default=None)
    parser.add_option("-s","--server",
                      dest="server",
                      help="[REQUIRED] Server Address",
                      default=None)
    parser.add_option("-e", "--encrypt",
                      action="store_true", 
                      dest="encrypt",
                      help="Use sftp",
                      default=False)
    parser.add_option("-m", 
                      action="store_true", 
                      dest="monitor",
                      help="Keep process open and monitor changes",
                      default=False)
    parser.add_option("-w", 
                      action="store_true", 
                      dest="walkdir",
                      help="Walk sub directories of the given directory to find files to send.",
                      default=False)      


    (options,args) = parser.parse_args()

    if (options.username and options.server and options.remote_dir) or \
        os.path.exists(default_config_file):
        local_dir = options.local_dir

        if os.path.exists(default_config_file):
            sys.path.append('.')
            import ftpallcfg
            try:
                server = ftpallcfg.server
                username = ftpallcfg.username
                remote_dir = ftpallcfg.remote_dir
                encrypt = ftpallcfg.encrypt
                monitor = ftpallcfg.monitor
                walk = ftpallcfg.walk
            except AttributeError, e:
                print "ERROR --", str(e.args)
                print
                print 'Value(s) missing in %s file!  The following values MUST be included:' % (default_config_file)
                print '================================'
                print 'server = <server to ftp to>'
                print 'username = <Username for access to given server>'
                print 'remote_dir = <remote server directory>'
                print 'encrypt= True/False'
                print 'monitor = True/False'
                print 'walk == True/False'
                print '================================' 
                sys.exit()
        else:
            server = options.server
            username = options.username
            remote_dir = options.remote_dir
            encrypt = options.encrypt
            monitor = options.monitor
            walk = options.walkdir

        # get the user password
        prompt = 'Password (%s@%s): ' % (username, server)

        if os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno()):
            p = getpass.getpass(prompt)
        else:
            #p = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
            p = raw_input(prompt).rstrip()


        if options.encrypt:
            print '>> Using sftp for secure transfers <<'
            print 

        if monitor:
            try:
                monitor_and_ftp(server,username,p,local_dir, remote_dir, encrypt, walk)
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                print 'Exiting...'
        else:  
            try:
                upload_all(server, username, p, local_dir, remote_dir, [], encrypt, walk)
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                print 'Exiting...'            

    else:
        print 'ERROR -- Required option not given!'
        print __revision__
        print __doc__
        print
        parser.print_help()

Answer 3

编辑2017年12月20日：

为此，我在GitHub中编写了一个项目。Click for details!

---

上面有很好的答案，但是我还想使用ftputil包添加一个好的答案。如果需要将文件从本地目录上载到ftp目录，可以使用此递归函数：

def upload_dir(localDir, ftpDir):
list = os.listdir(localDir)
for fname in list:
    if os.path.isdir(localDir + fname):             
        if(ftp_host.path.exists(ftpDir + fname) != True):                   
            ftp_host.mkdir(ftpDir + fname)
            print(ftpDir + fname + " is created.")
        upload_dir(localDir + fname + "/", ftpDir + fname + "/")
    else:               
        if(ftp_host.upload_if_newer(localDir + fname, ftpDir + fname)):
            print(ftpDir + fname + " is uploaded.")
        else:
            print(localDir + fname + " has already been uploaded.")

如果决定使用此函数，则必须使用ftputil包连接ftp。为此，可以使用以下代码段：

with ftputil.FTPHost("ftp_host", "ftp_username", "ftp_password") as ftp_host:

所以，我们快结束了。最后一件事是对像我这样的初学者使用这个函数：

local_dir = "D:/Projects/.../"
ftp_dir = "/.../../"

upload_dir(local_dir, ftp_dir)

最重要的是路径末尾的“/”字符。你得把它放在最后。最后，我想分享整个代码：

with ftputil.FTPHost("ftp_host", "ftp_username", "ftp_password") as ftp_host:
    def upload_dir(localDir, ftpDir):
    list = os.listdir(localDir)
    for fname in list:
        if os.path.isdir(localDir + fname):             
            if(ftp_host.path.exists(ftpDir + fname) != True):                   
                ftp_host.mkdir(ftpDir + fname)
                print(ftpDir + fname + " is created.")
            upload_dir(localDir + fname + "/", ftpDir + fname + "/")
        else:               
            if(ftp_host.upload_if_newer(localDir + fname, ftpDir + fname)):
                print(ftpDir + fname + " is uploaded.")
            else:
                print(localDir + fname + " has already been uploaded.")
    local_dir = "D:/Projects/.../"
    ftp_dir = "/.../../"

    upload_dir(local_dir, ftp_dir)