<p>我解决这个问题的方法是将每个XML转换成一个<a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html" rel="nofollow">xml.etree.ElementTree</a>并遍历每个层。
我还提供了在进行比较时忽略属性列表的功能。</p>
<p>第一段代码包含使用的类:</p>
<pre><code>import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import logging
class XmlTree():
def __init__(self):
self.hdlr = logging.FileHandler('xml-comparison.log')
self.formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')
@staticmethod
def convert_string_to_tree( xmlString):
return ET.fromstring(xmlString)
def xml_compare(self, x1, x2, excludes=[]):
"""
Compares two xml etrees
:param x1: the first tree
:param x2: the second tree
:param excludes: list of string of attributes to exclude from comparison
:return:
True if both files match
"""
if x1.tag != x2.tag:
self.logger.debug('Tags do not match: %s and %s' % (x1.tag, x2.tag))
return False
for name, value in x1.attrib.items():
if not name in excludes:
if x2.attrib.get(name) != value:
self.logger.debug('Attributes do not match: %s=%r, %s=%r'
% (name, value, name, x2.attrib.get(name)))
return False
for name in x2.attrib.keys():
if not name in excludes:
if name not in x1.attrib:
self.logger.debug('x2 has an attribute x1 is missing: %s'
% name)
return False
if not self.text_compare(x1.text, x2.text):
self.logger.debug('text: %r != %r' % (x1.text, x2.text))
return False
if not self.text_compare(x1.tail, x2.tail):
self.logger.debug('tail: %r != %r' % (x1.tail, x2.tail))
return False
cl1 = x1.getchildren()
cl2 = x2.getchildren()
if len(cl1) != len(cl2):
self.logger.debug('children length differs, %i != %i'
% (len(cl1), len(cl2)))
return False
i = 0
for c1, c2 in zip(cl1, cl2):
i += 1
if not c1.tag in excludes:
if not self.xml_compare(c1, c2, excludes):
self.logger.debug('children %i do not match: %s'
% (i, c1.tag))
return False
return True
def text_compare(self, t1, t2):
"""
Compare two text strings
:param t1: text one
:param t2: text two
:return:
True if a match
"""
if not t1 and not t2:
return True
if t1 == '*' or t2 == '*':
return True
return (t1 or '').strip() == (t2 or '').strip()
</code></pre>
<p>第二段代码包含两个XML示例及其比较:</p>
<pre><code>xml1 = "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"
xml2 = "<note><to>Tove</to><from>Daniel</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>"
tree1 = XmlTree.convert_string_to_tree(xml1)
tree2 = XmlTree.convert_string_to_tree(xml2)
comparator = XmlTree()
if comparator.xml_compare(tree1, tree2, ["from"]):
print "XMLs match"
else:
print "XMLs don't match"
</code></pre>
<p>此代码的大部分功劳必须给予<a href="http://www.syawar.com/2014/02/25/python-xml-comparator/" rel="nofollow">syawar</a></p>