在QLabel中进行计算时，如何在不冻结接口的情况下实时更新文本？

Question

关于Q标签中的实时更新，我有一个问题，因为当我单击“开始”按钮时，屏幕在执行计算时会保持静态几秒钟，但我需要的是，在QLabel中，在进行模拟的同时显示状态消息。我试过使用线程，但我不太理解它，因为它不起作用，如果有人能帮助我，我会很感激，因为我在Pyqt5中不太处理线程问题。（我不明白） 非常感谢

我附上了界面的代码和图像：

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界面

执行前：

执行期间：

执行后：

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Codigo

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QStyleFactory,QApplication, QMainWindow,QFileDialog
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi
from PyQt5.QtGui import QTextCursor
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
import random
import time
import pandas as pd


parametros = [['Area', 0, 5]]

class simulacion(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
        loadUi('simulacion.ui', self)
        self.setStyle(QStyleFactory.create('Fusion'))
        self.numsim = 10000000

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.calibracion)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.save)

    def cerrar(self):
        self.close()

    def calibracion(self):
        self.montecarlo(self.numsim)

    def generar_aleatorio(self):
        aleatorio = []
        for i in range(len(parametros)):
            aleatorio.append(random.uniform(parametros[i][1],parametros[i][2]))
        return aleatorio

    def area(self,x1):
        area = 3.1416 * x1**2
        return area

    def estado(self,starttime,last_print,contador, n, area):
        global ult_print
        acttime = time.time()
        if acttime - last_print >= 2:
            avg_time_per_run = (acttime - starttime) / (contador + 1)
            timestr = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(round(avg_time_per_run * (n - (contador + 1)))))

            text = ('Simulacion %i de %i - Tiempo estimado restante: %s\n' % (contador, n,timestr)+'Area = %5.3f' % (area)+'\n\n')

            self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)
            self.textEdit.insertPlainText(text)
            self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)

            ult_print = time.time()
            return text

    def montecarlo(self,n):
        QApplication.processEvents()
        global ult_print
        text='Iniciando iteraciones con {} repeticiones...\n\n'.format(n)
        self.textEdit.setText(text)
        self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)
        ult_print = time.time()
        starttime = time.time()
        contador = 0
        self.data=[]
        self.num_sim=[]

        QApplication.setOverrideCursor(Qt.WaitCursor)

        while contador < n:
            contador +=1
            #Generar el numero aleatorio
            z = self.generar_aleatorio()
            #Simulacion del modelo con el numero aleatorio
            y = self.area(z[0])
            #Calculo de la funcion objetivo
            self.estado(starttime,ult_print,contador,n,y)

        QApplication.setOverrideCursor(Qt.CustomCursor)


    def save(self):
        file,_=QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self,'Guardar Archivo de Simulación','','(*.csv)')

        if file:
            columns= []
            for valor in self.num_sim:
                columns.append('Simulación '+str(valor))
            #print(columns)

            df = pd.DataFrame(self.data,index=columns)
            a = df.transpose()
            a.to_csv(file,sep=';',index=False,encoding='utf-8')

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget = simulacion()
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

这里我展示的是模拟.ui在

Codigo

^{pr2}$

代码的这一部分是我描述蒙特卡罗算法中使用的函数的地方。当指定的文本应该显示在QTextEdit中时，需要指出的是，在Montecarlo函数中，会生成数据列表，这将保持所有模拟的执行。此变量是必需的，以便可以执行模拟类中的save函数

parametros = [['Area', 0, 5]]

def generar_aleatorio():
    aleatorio = []
    for i in range(len(parametros)):
        aleatorio.append(random.uniform(parametros[i][1],parametros[i][2]))
        return aleatorio

def area(x1):
    area = 3.1416 * x1**2
    return area

def estado(starttime,last_print,contador, n, area):
    global ult_print
    acttime = time.time()
    if acttime - last_print >= 2:
        avg_time_per_run = (acttime - starttime) / (contador + 1)
        timestr = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(round(avg_time_per_run * (n - (contador + 1)))))

        text = ('Simulacion %i de %i - Tiempo estimado restante: %s\n' % (contador, n,timestr)+'Area = %5.3f' % (area)+'\n\n')

        self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)
        self.textEdit.insertPlainText(text)
        self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)

        ult_print = time.time()
        return text

def montecarlo(n):
        global ult_print
        text='Iniciando iteraciones con {} repeticiones...\n\n'.format(n)
        #self.textEdit.setText(text)
        #self.textEdit.moveCursor(QTextCursor.End)
        ult_print = time.time()
        starttime = time.time()
        contador = 0
        data=[]
        num_sim=[]
        #QApplication.setOverrideCursor(Qt.WaitCursor)

        while contador < n:
            contador +=1
            #Generar el numero aleatorio
            z = generar_aleatorio()
            #Simulacion del modelo con el numero aleatorio
            y = area(z[0])
            #Calculo de la funcion objetivo
            estado(starttime,ult_print,contador,n,y)
            data.append(list(z+y))

        #QApplication.setOverrideCursor(Qt.CustomCursor)

Answer 1

合适的解决方案是在另一个线程中执行阻塞任务，并通过信号将数据发送到主线程中的GUI，Qt禁止从主线程以外的另一个线程更新GUI，使用processEvents是在强迫GUI更新一些不能保证正确操作的参数，您可以阅读更多这方面的信息以下链接中的主题：Should I use QCoreApplication::processEvents() or QApplication::processEvents()?。在

在下面的示例中，我将使用2个信号旁边的本机python线程，一个将发送文本，另一个发送数据。在

import random
import sys
import time
from threading import Thread
import pandas as pd

from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSignal, Qt
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QFileDialog, QStyleFactory, QMainWindow
from PyQt5.uic import loadUi

parametros = [['Area', 0, 5]]


def generar_aleatorio():
    return random.uniform(*parametros[0][1:])


def area(x1):
    area = 3.1416 * x1 ** 2
    return area


class Helper(QObject):
    send_signal = pyqtSignal(str)
    data_signal = pyqtSignal(list)


helper = Helper()


def estado(starttime, last_print, contador, n, area):
    acttime = time.time()
    if acttime - last_print <= 2:
        avg_time_per_run = (acttime - starttime) / (contador + 1)
        timestr = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S", time.gmtime(round(avg_time_per_run * (n - (contador + 1)))))

        text = 'Simulacion %i de %i - Tiempo estimado restante: %s\n' % (contador, n, timestr) \
               + 'Area = %5.3f\n\n' % area
        helper.send_signal.emit(text)


def montecarlo(n):
    data = []
    text = 'Iniciando iteraciones con {} repeticiones...\n\n'.format(n)
    helper.send_signal.emit(text)
    ult_print = time.time()
    starttime = time.time()

    for contador in range(n):
        z = generar_aleatorio()
        y = area(z)
        estado(starttime, ult_print, contador + 1, n, y)
        ult_print = time.time()
        time.sleep(0.001)
        data.append([z, y])
    helper.data_signal.emit(data)


class simulacion(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
        loadUi('simulacion.ui', self)
        self.setStyle(QStyleFactory.create('Fusion'))
        self.numsim = 10000000

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.calibracion)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.save)

    def calibracion(self):
        thread = Thread(target=montecarlo, args=(self.numsim,))
        helper.send_signal.connect(self.textEdit.append, Qt.QueuedConnection)
        helper.data_signal.connect(self.obtener_resultados)
        thread.start()

    def obtener_resultados(self, data):
        self.data = data

    def save(self, data):
        file, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, 'Guardar Archivo de Simulación', '', '(*.csv)')
        if file:
            df = pd.DataFrame(self.data)
            df.to_csv(file, sep=';', index=False, encoding='utf-8')


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
w = simulacion()
w.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())