在Jupyter Noteb中导入TensorFlow GPU时出错

Question

我试图导入TensorFlow，但最终出现此错误。在

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py in <module>()
     60     sys.setdlopenflags(_default_dlopen_flags | ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL)
---> 61     from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
     62     sys.setdlopenflags(_default_dlopen_flags)

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py in <module>()
     27             return _mod
---> 28     _pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
     29     del swig_import_helper

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py in swig_import_helper()
     23             try:
---> 24                 _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow', fp, pathname, description)
     25             finally:

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/imp.py in load_module(name, file, filename, details)
    241         else:
--> 242             return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
    243     elif type_ == PKG_DIRECTORY:

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/imp.py in load_dynamic(name, path, file)
    341             name=name, loader=loader, origin=path)
--> 342         return _load(spec)
    343 

ImportError: dlopen(/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so, 10): Library not loaded: @rpath/libcudart.8.0.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so
  Reason: image not found

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-7-a649b509054f> in <module>()
----> 1 import tensorflow

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py in <module>()
     22 
     23 # pylint: disable=wildcard-import
---> 24 from tensorflow.python import *
     25 # pylint: enable=wildcard-import
     26 

/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py in <module>()
     70 for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
     71 above this error message when asking for help.""" % traceback.format_exc()
---> 72   raise ImportError(msg)
     73 
     74 # Protocol buffers

ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/__init__.py", line 61, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
  File "/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 28, in <module>
    _pywrap_tensorflow = swig_import_helper()
  File "/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
    _mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow', fp, pathname, description)
  File "/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/imp.py", line 242, in load_module
    return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
  File "/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/imp.py", line 342, in load_dynamic
    return _load(spec)
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so, 10): Library not loaded: @rpath/libcudart.8.0.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/Aakaash/miniconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/tensorflow/python/_pywrap_tensorflow.so
  Reason: image not found


Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.

See https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/tensorflow/g3doc/get_started/os_setup.md#import_error

for some common reasons and solutions.  Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.

我可以导入TensorFlow的CPU版本而没有问题。我还能够在从终端启动的Python控制台中导入TensorFlow。到python可执行文件的路径在Console和Jupyter Notebook中都是相同的（sys.executable在Console和Jupyter Notebook中给出了相同的输出）。在

TensorFlow版本-1.0.0

Python版本-3.5.2

Cuda版本-8.0

Answer 1

在我的例子中，当启动Jupyter笔记本时，LD_LIBRARY_PATH被清除，即使它是在Ubuntu上的.bashrc和.profile中导出的。只有用env VARIABLE=$VARIABLE jupyter notebook启动笔记本服务器才解决了这个问题。在

Answer 2

看来是我设置CUDA和CuDNN时出错的。按照Nvidia提供的指南，它告诉我为macosx设置DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH的路径。不幸的是，这在使用Jupyter笔记本时不起作用。我们需要按照Nvidia指南中针对Linux的步骤来设置LD_LIBRARY_PATH。这就解决了这个问题。在