如何在Python中隐藏/删除继承类中的一些方法？

Question

我想在从class A继承class B期间隐藏一些公共方法：

class A(object):
  def someMethodToHide():
    pass

  def someMethodToShow():
    pass

class B(A):
  pass

len(set(dir(A)) - set(dir(B))) == 1

如果可能的话，如何用python实现？

Answer 1

您可以创建一个descriptor类来模拟“已删除”属性。然后您可以将“要删除”的名称指定给该类的一个实例。在

下面是一个完整的示例，显示了访问子类上的属性时出现的错误/回溯及其实例。通过引发自定义错误，回溯显式地指示此属性已被故意“删除”。在

In [1]: class DeletedAttributeError(AttributeError): 
   ...:     pass 
   ...:  
   ...:  
   ...: class DeletedAttribute: 
   ...:     def __set_name__(self, owner, name): 
   ...:         self.name = name 
   ...:  
   ...:     def __get__(self, instance, owner): 
   ...:         cls_name = owner.__name__ 
   ...:         accessed_via = f'type object {cls_name!r}' if instance is None else f'{cls_name!r} object' 
   ...:         raise DeletedAttributeError(f'attribute {self.name!r} of {accessed_via} has been deleted') 
   ...:  
   ...:  
   ...: class Foo: 
   ...:     def hide_me(self): 
   ...:         pass 
   ...:  
   ...:  
   ...: class Bar(Foo): 
   ...:     hide_me = DeletedAttribute() 
   ...:                                                                                       

In [2]: Foo.hide_me                                                                           
Out[2]: <function __main__.Foo.hide_me(self)>

In [3]: Bar.hide_me                                                                           
                                     -
DeletedAttributeError                     Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-3-240c91cc1fc8> in <module>
  > 1 Bar.hide_me

<ipython-input-1-0f699423deb7> in __get__(self, instance, owner)
     10         cls_name = owner.__name__
     11         accessed_via = f'type object {cls_name!r}' if instance is None else f'{cls_name!r} object'
 -> 12         raise DeletedAttributeError(f'attribute {self.name!r} of {accessed_via!r} has been deleted')
     13 
     14 

DeletedAttributeError: attribute 'hide_me' of type object 'Bar' has been deleted

In [4]: Bar().hide_me                                                                         
                                     -
DeletedAttributeError                     Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-9653f0da628c> in <module>
  > 1 Bar().hide_me

<ipython-input-1-0f699423deb7> in __get__(self, instance, owner)
     10         cls_name = owner.__name__
     11         accessed_via = f'type object {cls_name!r}' if instance is None else f'{cls_name!r} object'
 -> 12         raise DeletedAttributeError(f'attribute {self.name!r} of {accessed_via!r} has been deleted')
     13 
     14 

DeletedAttributeError: attribute 'hide_me' of 'Bar' object has been deleted

上面的代码可以在python3.6+上运行。在