在破坏Python路径后，如何重新下载matplotlib？

Question

我在使用pip下载matplotlib时遇到了一些问题

发生了什么事

1. 起初，我通过pip下载了matplotlib，没有任何问题
2. 出于某种原因，在下载matplotlib之后，当我尝试运行一个简单的线图代码时，它不会显示它
3. 我试着在谷歌上搜索它不起作用的原因，用我得到的错误信息作为关键词
4. 其中一条建议是让我在小路上乱搞，我照做了，什么也没发生
5. 我收到的另一条建议是下载VisualStudio2019，我确实下载了
6. 当我再次尝试运行代码时，一切正常
7. 第二天，在我关闭并重新打开笔记本电脑后，我遇到了另一个问题，在我的笔记本电脑上无法识别Python（几乎就像我没有安装Python一样）
8. 我认为这与我在路径问题上的混乱有关，因为这是我在下载Visual Studio 2019之前唯一搞砸的事情（我怀疑下载VS 2019与此有关）
9. 我试图重写路径，但没有成功
10. 我在某个地方读到（堆栈溢出），我应该卸载并重新安装Python，我确实这么做了（以前的版本是Python 3.8，现在的版本是Python 3.9）
11. 一切正常，但当我尝试运行折线图代码时，我发现：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\bosaw\Documents\python_work\crash_course\part_II\generating_data\examples\mpl_squares.py", line 1, in <module>
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'matplotlib'
 12. So when I tried to redownload matplotlib I got the error message below (which is where I am currently stuck at).

C:\Users\bosaw> python -m pip install --user matplotlib
Collecting matplotlib
  Using cached matplotlib-3.3.2.tar.gz (37.9 MB)
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\python.exe' -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-33gi_n74\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-33gi_n74\\matplotlib\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-ch11l41t'
         cwd: C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-33gi_n74\matplotlib\
    Complete output (249 lines):
    WARNING: The wheel package is not available.
        ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
         command: 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\python.exe' 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpsql0gg7p'
             cwd: C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy
        Complete output (200 lines):
        Running from numpy source directory.
        setup.py:470: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
          run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
        Processing numpy/random\bit_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
        Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
        Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
        Cythonizing sources
        blas_opt_info:
        blas_mkl_info:
        No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils
        customize MSVCCompiler
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        blis_info:
          libraries blis not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
        get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
        customize GnuFCompiler
        Could not locate executable g77
        Could not locate executable f77
        customize IntelVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable ifort
        Could not locate executable ifl
        customize AbsoftFCompiler
        Could not locate executable f90
        customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable DF
        customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
        Could not locate executable efl
        customize Gnu95FCompiler
        Could not locate executable gfortran
        Could not locate executable f95
        customize G95FCompiler
        Could not locate executable g95
        customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
        customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
        Could not locate executable efort
        Could not locate executable efc
        customize PGroupFlangCompiler
        Could not locate executable flang
        don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_blas_info:
          libraries satlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_blas_info:
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        accelerate_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
            Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
            A better performance should be easily gained by switching
            Blas library.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_info:
          libraries blas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
            the BLAS environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
        blas_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1914: UserWarning:
            Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
            the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
          if self._calc_info(blas):
          NOT AVAILABLE

        non-existing path in 'numpy\\distutils': 'site.cfg'
        lapack_opt_info:
        lapack_mkl_info:
          libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_lapack_info:
          libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        openblas_clapack_info:
          libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        flame_info:
          libraries flame not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
          libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_3_10_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
          libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_threads_info:
        Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
          libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        atlas_info:
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
          libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
          libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\libs
        <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
          NOT AVAILABLE

        lapack_info:
          libraries lapack not found in ['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\lib', 'C:\\', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\libs']
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
            Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
            the LAPACK environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
        lapack_src_info:
          NOT AVAILABLE

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-wheel-d4s0p_ef\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1748: UserWarning:
            Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
            Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
            numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
            the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
          return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
          NOT AVAILABLE

        numpy_linalg_lapack_lite:
          FOUND:
            language = c
            define_macros = [('HAVE_BLAS_ILP64', None), ('BLAS_SYMBOL_SUFFIX', '64_')]

        C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\distutils\dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
          warnings.warn(msg)
        running dist_info
        running build_src
        build_src
        building py_modules sources
        creating build
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy
        creating build\src.win-amd64-3.9\numpy\distutils
        building library "npymath" sources
        error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Build Tools for Visual Studio": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/
        ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\python.exe' 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpsql0gg7p' Check the logs for full command output.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 128, in fetch_build_egg
        subprocess.check_call(cmd)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\subprocess.py", line 373, in check_call
        raise CalledProcessError(retcode, cmd)
    subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpk5j8tasg', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-33gi_n74\matplotlib\setup.py", line 242, in <module>
        setup(  # Finally, pass this all along to distutils to do the heavy lifting.
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 164, in setup
        _install_setup_requires(attrs)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 159, in _install_setup_requires
        dist.fetch_build_eggs(dist.setup_requires)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 699, in fetch_build_eggs
        resolved_dists = pkg_resources.working_set.resolve(
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 779, in resolve
        dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1064, in best_match
        return self.obtain(req, installer)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pkg_resources\__init__.py", line 1076, in obtain
        return installer(requirement)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\dist.py", line 758, in fetch_build_egg
        return fetch_build_egg(self, req)
      File "C:\Users\bosaw\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\setuptools\installer.py", line 130, in fetch_build_egg
        raise DistutilsError(str(e)) from e
    distutils.errors.DistutilsError: Command '['C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python39\\python.exe', '-m', 'pip', '--disable-pip-version-check', 'wheel', '--no-deps', '-w', 'C:\\Users\\bosaw\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\tmpk5j8tasg', '--quiet', 'numpy>=1.15']' returned non-zero exit status 1.

    Edit setup.cfg to change the build options; suppress output with --quiet.

    BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
      matplotlib: yes [3.3.2]
          python: yes [3.9.0 (tags/v3.9.0:9cf6752, Oct  5 2020, 15:34:40) [MSC
                      v.1927 64 bit (AMD64)]]
        platform: yes [win32]
     sample_data: yes [installing]
           tests: no  [skipping due to configuration]
          macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]

    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.'''

我是编程新手，不知道该怎么做

Answer 1

This might be your issue。 如果在看完这篇文章后仍然有问题，那么可能是因为您有多个python版本，并且没有正确设置。运行以下命令，查看是否安装了多个python。 where python（在cmd中）